La potestad de declaración de inexistencia de los actos o negocios jurídicos del juez civil - la historia de una indebida equiparación conceptual entre las categorías jurídicas de la «inexistencia» y la «nulidad»: ¿qué es lo que realmente se reguló en el segundo párrafo del artículo 220 del código civil?

AutorJhoni Shang Castilla Colquehuanca
Páginas62-127
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Κ+72Β!Θρ!+∋Β!Κ&6∃!Σ!Φ+/>Β!ΗΙΙΗΒ!!!
Ε!νΚσχ∀,!|+/2+/β!∀−!Ν+8(0&(!λ∗/∆∋&0(!Ε!Φ∃/4+!π+2+/∃−!∋+−!
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σΝΧσΚΧ,!χ+∋+−−∆2,!ΗΙΘΞΒ!
Ε!πσΧΖΜΡΝΡ,!γ&00∃/∋(β!.(#&0&72!5#Β!Ν(/6∃,!Η)&,∃&).)>+∀
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Κ+;##+/! ΚΒ! Κ+72,! ∀∋&4(/∃! λ∗/∆∋&0∃! π/&≅−+;,! Κ&6∃! Σ! Φ+/>,!
ΗΙΙΤΒ!!!
Ε! Κ∀υΝ,! Κ+;##+/! ΚΒβ! .+/+01(! Φ/&5∃∋(Β! Φ∃/4+! π+2+/∃−! Σ!
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Ε! χ]γΧΚ∀Ζ! φ∀γηΡΧΖ,! γ76∗−(Β! ∀#4∗∋&(#! #(%/+! Μ+(/∆∃!
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ΗΙΙΩΒ!
Ε!ΦΧΚΧϑΡ]Ζ!χΧγΜψΝ∀_,!∀/&0β!Κ∃!0(25+/#&72!;!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!
∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!Θρ!+∋Β,! ΧγΧ! ∀∋&4(/+#,! Κ&6∃! Ε! Φ+/>Β!
ΗΙΙΗΒ!
Ε! γ]χ∀γ]! χ]ΝΜ∀Ζ,! ν/∃20(! λ∃5&+/β! ϑ∗/#(! ∋+−! Χ04(!
λ∗/∆∋&0(,! ∀∋&4(/&∃−! Κ&%/+/∆∃! Φ(/4(0∃//+/(,! Κ&6∃! Σ! Φ+/>,!
ΗΙΙΤΒ!!
473!
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Ε! γ]ϑϑ],! σ8(β! Μ/∃4∃∋(! ∋+! .+/+01(! 3/(0+#∃−! ϑ&5&−,!
∀∋&4(/&∃−!Μ+6,!∴(8(4:!Σ!ϑ(−(6%&∃,!Θ[Ω[,!ΜΒ!ΡΡΒ!!
Ε!ΖϖΧβ!π∗∆∃!∋+!≅∗//∗∋+20&∃#!∋+−!Μ/&%∗2∃−!ϑ(2#4&4∗0&(2∃−!
3∃/∃!+−!∃%(8∃∋(!−&4&8∃24+,!Θρ!+∋Β,!π∃0+4∃!λ∗/∆∋&0∃!ΖΒΧΒ,!Κ&6∃!
Σ!Φ+/>,!ΗΙΙΨΒ!!!
Ε! Μ]γγ∀Ζ! ηθΖ}σ∀_,! Χ2∆%∃−β! Χ04(! λ∗/∆∋&0(,! ∀∋&4(/&∃−!
Ρ.∀χΖΧ,!ΗρΒ!+∋Β,!Κ&6∃!Σ!Φ+/>,!ΗΙΙΘΒ!!
Ε! ηΡ.ΧΚ! γΧχψγ∀_,! ν+/2∃2∋(β! Χ04(! λ∗/∆∋&0(,! ςρ! +∋Β,!
π∃0+4∃!λ∗/∆∋&0∃,!Κ&6∃!Σ!Φ+/>,!ΗΙΙΗΒ!!
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