La figura que supuestamente oscurecería el ordenamiento jurídico: a propósito de la diferencia entre la inexistencia y nulidad del negocio o acto jurídico

Document

Citas 9

Citado por

Autor	Jhoni Shang Castilla Colquehuanca
Páginas	6-61

Ε!

+,∗−./01,∗203∗4050346,73863∗94:013:31;,∗3

91=38,7.3869∗>01;=.:9?∗,∗5195≅4.69∗=3∗

38613∗

>01;=.:9∗

∀

Χ07,1.9∗

ΘΒ!Ρ24/(∋∗00&72Β!Σ!ΗΒ!Χ04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!Σ!ΤΒ!Ν+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!Σ!

ΤΒΘΒ!Μ+(/∆∃! 3/+0+34&5∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β! Σ! ΤΒΗΒ! Μ+(/∆∃!

2(/6∃4&5∃!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!Σ!ΥΒ!Φ/+0&72!0(20+34∗∃−!(!

+Γ+20&∃! +! &2+Γ+20&∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α! ≅∗/∆∋&0(Β! Σ! ςΒ!

Ρ25∃−&∋+

∋+#∃//(−−(! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α! ≅∗/∆∋&0(Β! ΨΒΘΒ! Φ/&6+/!

6(6+24(Β! Σ! ΨΒΗΒ! Ζ+8∗2∋(! 6(6+24(Β! Σ! ΨΒΤΒ! Μ+/0+/!

6(6+24(Β!Σ![Β!.&=+/+20&∃!+24/+!&2+Γ+20&∃!;!2∗−&∋∃∋Β!Σ!

ΘΙΒ!ϑ(20−∗#&72Β!Σ!ΘΘΒ!∴&%−&(8/∃=∆∃Β!

∃340738∗

∀−! ∃/4∆0∗−(! )∗+! 0(63∃/4&6(#,! #+! ∃5(0∃! ∃−! +#4∗∋&(! ∋+! −∃!

∋&=+/+20&∃!+24/+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!;!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!∋+−!2+8(0&(!(!

∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!?#+8>2!#+∃!−∃!4+(/∆∃!∃!−∃!0∗∃−!#+!∃∋#0/&%∃Α,!2(!

#(−∃6+24+!∃!3∃/4&/!∋+!#∗!∃%(/∋∃≅+! +! &63(/4∃20&∃! 4+7/&0∃,!

#&2(!4∃6%&92,!;!6:#!∃>2,!3/:04&0∃Β!

∗

∆,&2+Γ+20&∃,! 2∗−&∋∃∋,! 2+8(0&(! (! ∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!

∗

ΓΗ∗!8619=0::.≅8∗

!!!Κ∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!1∃!/+0&%&∋(!3(/!3∃/4+!

∋+!−∃!∋(04/&2∃!2∃0&(2∃−!;!∋+!2∗+#4/(!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!

6∗01∃! /+2∗+20&∃! +2! 0∗∃24(! ∃! #∗! /+0(2(0&6&+24(! 0(6(!

0∃4+8(/∆∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋&=+/+20&∃∋∃!∋+!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋,!∃#∆!0(6(!#∗!

0(//+#3(2∋&+24+! 3/+5&72! 2(/6∃4&5∃,! +−−(! #+! +Γ3−&0∃! +2!

∃4+20&72!∃−! ∃/∋∗(! ∋+%∃4+!)∗+!1∃!0(20&4∃∋(!+2! ∋(04/&2∃! ∃!

2&5+−!6∗2∋&∃−!;!+2!−(#!∋&=+/+24+#!(/∋+2∃6&+24(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#Β!!

!!!Ζ+!∃=&/6∃! )∗+! −∃! &∋+∃!∋+−!∃04(! &2+Γ+24+! #∗/8&7! +2!+−!

#+2(!∋+!−∃!0(6&72!)∗+!/+∃−&<7!−(#!4/∃%∃≅(#!3/+3∃/∃4(/&(#!

∋+−!ϑ7∋&8(!=/∃209#!∋+!ΘΨΙΥ,!∃4/&%∗;92∋(#+!−∃!3/(3&+∋∃∋!∃−!

6(! Ν∃3(−+72,! )∗&+2,! +2! +−! ϑ(2#+≅(! ∋+! ∀#4∃∋(,! ∃−!

(%#+/5∃/!∃−!)∗+!−∗+8(!#+/∆∃!+−!∃/4∆0∗−(!ΘΥΩ!∋+−!ϑ7∋&8(,!1&

−∃!∋&20&72!+24/+!+−!6∃4/&6(2&(!+Γ+24+,!3+/(!∃2∗−∃%−+,!

3(/! ∃∗#+20&∃! ∋+! 0(2#+24&6&+24(! −&%/+! ∃24+! +−! (=&0&∃−! ∋+!

/+8/(

Β!!

!∀#!∃%&! ∋%(%&)! ∗+,−! ∃./,)! 012!3456/,7548/2!951!45:+8/+!;.<=9/8+>)!

!∀#∃%&∋( )∀∗∀+∋,( −∀( .∀/∃%,∋0∃1∗( 2( 34+∃%5+4−∀∗0∃∋)! ?≅+! ΑΒ333)! &5:.492!

Χ∆+82)!ΕΦ!Γ∃)!ΗΙ!ϑΚΛ)!ΜΝΟΚ)!∆Φ!ΠΘΚΦ!

!!!]4/(#! ∃4/&%∗;+/(2! −∃! 3∃4+/2&∋∃∋! ∋+! −∃! ∋(04/&2∃! ∋+! −(#!

∃04(#!&2+Γ+24+#!(!−∃!4+(/∆∃!∋+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!?)∗+!

1∃%/∆∃!#&∋(!=(/6∗−∃∋∃!∃!3/&20&3&(#!∋+−!#&8−(!⊥Ρ⊥Α!∃−!≅∗/∃!

∃−+6:2! _∃/01+/&∃+,! )∗&+2,! /+=&/&92∋(#+! ∃−! 6∃4/&6(2&(,!

∋&28∗&7!+24/+!0(2∋&0&(2+#!+#+20&∃−+#!;!0(2∋&0&(2+#!∋+!

5∃−&∋+

0∗+#4&72!∋+!1+01(,!∋+%&∋(!∃!)∗+!#+!%∗#0∃!#∃%+/!#&!+−!1+01(!

)∗+!−∃#!−+;+#!0∃−&=&0∃2!∋+!6∃4/&6(2&(!#+!1∃!/+∃−&

#+8∗2∋∃#,! 0(2#4&4∗;+2! ∗2∃! 0∗+#4&72! ∋+! .+/+01(,! 3∗+#4(!

)∗+,!#+!%∗#0∃!#∃%+/!#&!+−!6∃4/&6(2&(!5:−&∋(!+2!−(#!1+01(#,!

4&+2+! 5∃−&∋+

+#+20&∃−+#,! +−! 6∃4/&6(2&(! +#! &2+Γ+24+! ;! #&! =∃−4∃2! −∃#!

#+8∗2∋∃#!+#!2∗−(Β!∀2!+#4+!∃04(,!−(#!∃∗4(/+#!#+!+20(24/∃/(2!

∃24+!∗2∃!/+8−∃!)∗+! 4+2∆∃!0(24(/2(#!∋+!∃Γ&(6∃!;! #+8>2!−∃!

0∗∃−!+2!6∃4+/&∃!∋+!6∃4/&6(2&(!2(!1∃;!6:#!2∗−&∋∃∋!)∗+!−∃!

)∗+! −∃! −+;! +Γ3/+#∃6+24+! +#4∃%−+0+,! +#4(! +#,! +−! =∃6(#(!

∃=(/(!∋+−!Ο,/&∀%∗∀+(22)#Λ∀&/+&∀#∗ΚΠ

∀

Β!!

∀

!?,=)!51!Ρ!/721/24+!Τ5427+! &8+:42Υ/:1/+!56∆<5,2!ς.5)!12!Σ/:.<2!

95! 12! /456/,7548/2! 5,! ∆

∆

+<9542Υ/547+Ξ!05∋%( −∀( ∗4,,∃&6(%∋∗%( &∀7>Φ! Ψ2Ζ!21:.42,![/∆∴75,/,! 54!12,!

ς.5! 4+! ,5! ∆.595! 9.92

;.<=9/8+)!∆+ 1+! ς.5! 12! 15Ζ! 4+! 9/,∆+45!4292Ξ!2ς.=! 51! 2<:. class="_ _0"> ς.5!

,.∆5<2!5,72!2∆2<5475!12:.42!5,!ς.5!54!5,7+,!82,+,!51!287+!⊥8+47<27+_!4/!

,/ς./5<2!56/,75)!∆+4.1/929Φ!

#,7+!,5! ∆12475∴!54! 12!∆2!∆2<2!51!Υ27Υ+4/+! 547<5!∆5 951!

Υ/,Υ+! ,56+)! 51! 8.21! 4+! ∆+9=2! 7545

∆!

!!!Χ1(/∃!%&+2,!∗2!6∃4/&6(2&(!0+−+%/∃∋(!+24/+!∋(#!1(6%/+#!

(!+24/+!∋(#!6∗≅+/+#,!5∃−+!3(/)∗+!2(!1∃;!−+;!)∗+!−(!∋+0−∃/+!

2∗−(α! ∀#4∃! &24+//(8∃24+! #+! 3/+#+247! ∃! −(#! ∃∗4(/+#Β! Κ∃!

/+#3∗+#4∃,!∋+!∃0∗+/∋(!0(2!−∃!/+8−∃!∋+!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!+Γ3/+#∃,!

1∃%/∆∃! 4+2&∋(! )∗+! #+/! ∃=&/6∃4&5∃,! −(! )∗+! 1∗%&+/∃! #&∋(!

0(24/∃/&(!∃−!6:#!+−+6+24∃−!#+24&∋(!0(6>2!;!∃!−∃!0(20&+20&∃!

6(/∃−! ∋+! −(#! &2∋&5&∋∗(#! ?∋+! ∃)∗+−! 4&+63(,! 0−∃/(! +#4:ΑΒ!

∀24(20+#,! −(#! ≅∗/∃#! /∃

6∃4/&6(2&(! +Γ∃,! −∃! −+;! #∗3(2+! 2+0+#∃/&∃6+24+! +−!

∃0∗+/∋(!+24/+!∗2!1(6%/+!;!∗2∃!6∗≅+/,!∋+!6(∋(!)∗+,!#&!+−!

∃0∗+/∋(! +#! +24/+! ∋(#! 3+/#(2∃#! ∋+! &∋924&0(! #+Γ(,! +−!

6∃4/&6(2&(! 2(! 3∗+∋+! +Γ&/! ;! 3(/! +#4(,! 0(20−∗∆∃2,! +−!

−+8−∃∋(/!2(!2+0+#&47!#&)∗&+/∃!∋+0−∃/∃/!#∗!=∃−4∃!∋+!+=&0∃0&∃Β!

χ:#!4∃/∋+,!#+! +Γ4&+2∋+! −∃! 2(0&72! ∋+! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃!∃! −(#!

∃04(#! 3∃4/&6(2&∃−+#,! ;! −∗+8(! &20−∗#(! ∃∋)∗&+/+! 6∃;(/!

∃63−&4∗∋Β!!

!!!Φ+/(! +−! 4+6∃! ∋+! −∃! δ&2+Γ+20&∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α!

≅∗/∆∋&0(δ

,!2(!1∃!#&∋(!3∃#&5(,!3(/!0∗∃24(!#&8∗+!∋&5&∋&+2∋(!

∆<58/,2Υ5475! ∆+

9/,∆+,/8/∴4! 15:/,127/α2)! ∆+

&Α%βΗ?∋3β∃3%)! Τ5427+χ! Α+47].8/∴4! 2! 12! Ε5+<=2! 951! Η5:+8/+!

∗.<=9/8+)! 59/8/∴4)! 7<29.88/∴4! Ζ! 4+72,! 95! ∃5Ζ,,5

∗.<=9/82!β;15Ζ)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚΠ)!∆Φ!ΠϑΟ!Ζ!,,Φ!

!?1! <5,∆587+! 95]5Υ+,! ,5≅212

2<7=8.1+! .,2<5Υ+,! /49/,7/472Υ5475! 12,! 56∆<5,/+45,! 0287+! ⊥45:+8/+_!

4Κ!

∃!−∃! ∋(04/&2∃! 2∃0&(2∃−! +!0(63∃/∃∋∃! ;! 0&+/4∃6+24+! 2(!#+!

4/∃4∃!∋+!∗2∃!0∗+#4&72!)∗+!#+!0&/0∗2#0/&%∃!∃!∗2!6+/(!&24+/9#!

∃0∃∋96&0(Β! Φ(/! +−! 0(24/∃/&(,! −∃! ∃∋6&72! ∋+! +#4∃! 4+#!

3(∋/∆∃!&63(/4∃/!+20(24/∃/2(#!=/+24+!∃!∗2!5&/4∗∃−!/98&6+2!

∋+!&25∃−&∋+(!&2+=&0∃0&∃!4(∋∃5∆∃!6:#!∃8/∃5∃∋(!)∗+!+−!∋+!

−∃!3/(3&∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!∃%#(−∗4∃Β!!

!!!Φ+/(!+−! ∋+%∃4+! #(%/+! −∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!1∃!6(4&5∃∋(!∃! )∗+!

6∗01(#! ∃∗4(/+#! +Γ3−&)∗+2! Σ∃−8∗2∃#! 5+0+#,! ∋+#∋+! ∗2∃!

734&0∃!6∗;!3+/#(2∃−,!0∃3/&01(#∃!(!∗2!4∃24(!=∗+/∃!∋+!−∗8∃/Ε!

#∗! 4/∃4∃6&+24(! (! +24+2∋&6&+24(,! −(! )∗+,! ∃! #∗! 5+

−−+5∃∋(!∃!)∗+!#+!8+2+/+2!∗2∃!∋&5+/#&∋∃∋!∋+!3(#&0&(2+#!∃−!

/+#3+04(,!∋+!−(!0∗∃−! −(#!6:#!∃09//&6(#!+!&20&5(#! 0/∆4&0(#!

∋+!−∃! &2+Γ+20&∃!#+!1∃2! 5∃−&∋(!3∃/∃!4/∃4∃/! ∋+!∋+#5&/4∗∃/!

#∗! 0(63/+2#&72! ∋&=+/+20&∃∋∃! ∋+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,! 3(/! 6(4&5(#! ∋+! &2∗4&−&∋∃∋! 3/:04&0∃! (! ∋+! −∃!

#&6&−&4∗∋! +2! −(#! +=+04(#! 3(/! 3∃/4+! ∃6%∃#! =&8∗/∃!

?&2+Γ+20&∃! ;! 2∗−&∋∃∋Α,! (! 3(/! (4/(#! 4∃24(#! 6(4&5(#Β!

;.<=9/8+!+!45:+8/+!⊥287+_!;.<=9/8+!+! 45:+8/+!+!287+! ;.<=9/8+>)!8+4!511+)!

4+!+],72475)!54!2],+1.7+!ς.5<5Υ+,!958//4,/4.2287+!;.<=9/8+!

Ζ!51!45:+8/+!;.<=9/8+! ,524!1+! Υ/,Υ+)!∆.5,)! 511+!,5<=2! .4!:<2,+! 5<δ

.42!2Σ/ 95,8./9292)!∆ 95,8+4+8/Υ/547+!95!12! 75+<=2!

951! 45:+8/+! ;.<=9/8+δ)! Ζ2! ς.5! 2Υ]2,! 75+<=2,! 7/5454! .4! 95,2<

75∴8+! ;.<=9/8+! 9/,7/47+! Ζ! ,/! [285Υ+,! .,+! 95! 12,! Υ548/+4292,!

56∆<5,/+45,)! 5,! 4/82Υ5475! 8+4! 51! Σ/4! 95! 2]<5α/2

Υ59/92! ς.5! 54! 2Υ]2,! 75+<=2,! ,5! 92! 7<272Υ/547+! 2! 12! Σ/:.<2! 95! 12!

/456/,7548/2)!1+!8.21!;.,7/Σ/82)!54!Υ+9+!21:.4+)!51!.,+!95!2ς.5112,Φ!

44!

∀63+/(!∋+!3/(24(,!/+#∗−4∃!3+/4&2+24+!∃∋+−∃24∃/!)∗+,!3∃/∃!

∋∃/! /+#3∗+#4∃! (! ∗2∃! 3(#&0&72! 0−∃/∃! )∗+! ∋&=+/+20&+! ∃! −∃!

2∗−&∋∃∋!∋+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃,!#+!/+)∗&+/+!∋+!∗2!+#4∗∋&(!#+/&(!

0&+24∆=&0(Ε−78&0(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!!

!!!Χ!+#4+!/+#3+04(,!+24(20+#,!+#!&63/+#0&2∋&%−+!#+ε∃−∃/!)∗+!

3∃/∃!+24+2∋+/! ∃! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃,!&2+Γ(/∃%−+6+24+!#+!∋+%+!

/+5∃/! −∃! 2(0&72! ∋+! Ο+Γ+20&∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,!−(!0∗∃−!#&82&=&0∃!+5&∋+20&∃/!(!3/+0∃/!+−!0(20+34(!

∋+!=(/6∃!0−∃/∃!∋+!−(!)∗+!+#!+−!2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!)∗+!

3(/! −(! ∋+6:#! 2(! +#! ∗2∃! 4∃/+∃! =:0&−,! 3+/(! )∗+! ∋+%+! #+/!

∃%(/∋∃∋∃! 0(2! 0−∃/&∋∃∋! 3∃/∃! −(8/∃/! 2∗+#4/(! (%≅+4&5(! ∋+!

+Γ3−&0∃/!2∆4&∋∃6+24+!−(!)∗+!5+2∋/∆∃!∃!#+/!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!;,!

3(/! 4∃24(,! ∋+4+/6&2∃/! 3∗24∗∃−6+24+! −∃! ∋&=+/+20&∃! +24/+!

+#4∃!;!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!Φ(/!+−−(,!+#!6+2+#4+/!

/+5∃/,!+24(20+#! −∃! 0(20+30&72!∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!;,! +2! #∗!

0∃#(,! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! ∃∋5&/4&+2∋(! )∗+! +−! 3/+#+24+!

+#3∃0&(!2(!3+/6&4+!1∃0+/!+−!+#4∗∋&(,!+2!−∃!∃63−&4∗∋!)∗+!#+!

/+)∗&+/+! 4∃24(! ∋+−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! ?−∃! 4+(/∆∃! ∋+! −∃!

6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!−∃!5(−∗24∃∋!;!−∃!4+(/∆∃!(/8∃2&0∃!(!∋+−!

∃04(!(/8∃2(#!(!0(6(!(/8∃2(#Α,!∃#∆!0(6(!∋+!−∃!4+(/∆∃!

∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!?+#4(!+#!3∃/4&+2∋(!∋+!#∗!3/&6&8+2&∃!

0(20+30&72,!+#!∋+0&/,!−∃!4/∃∋&0&72!∋+!−∃!∋(04/&2∃!8+2+/∃−!∋+−!

2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!3∃#∃2∋(!3(/!−∃!4+(/∆∃!8+2+/∃−!∋+−!2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!∃−+6:2,!−∃!4+(/∆∃!3/+0+34&5∃!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!

−∗+8(! 3(/! −∃! 4+(/∆∃! 2(/6∃4&5∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! ;!

47!

/+5∃2∋(!∋+! 6∃2+/∃!#(6+/∃!−∃#!4+(/∆∃#! 0(24+63(/:2+∃#!

∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Α,!3(/!−(!)∗+,!2(#! 5+/+6(#!=(/∃!

+=+04∗∃/!>2&0∃6+24+!3/+0&(2+#!∃−!/+#3+04(Β!!

!!!∀−! 1∃0+/! ∗2∃! /+5&72! ∋+! −(! +Γ3∗+#4(! +2! +−! 3://∃=(!

∃24+/&(/!)+∀1)+∗!3+/6&4+!+#4∃%−+0+/!−∃!+Γ+20&∃!6∃!∋+−!

2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!;!0(63/+2∋+/!0∗∃2∋(!∗2!2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!+#! &2+Γ+24+! ;!0∗∃2∋(!+#!2∗−(,! −(! 0∗∃−,!∃∋+6:#!

∋+!(4/(#,!#&/5+!∋+!=∗2∋∃6+24(!0(24∗2∋+24+!3∃/∃!+#4∃%−+0+/!

−∃! ∋&=+/+20&∃0&72! ∋+! −∃#! ∋(#! 0∃4+8(/∆∃#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#!

6+20&(2∃∋∃#Λ! −(! 3/(3&(! (0∗//+! 0(2! −∃! 0(25+/#&72,! )∗+!

0(2#4&4∗;+! ∗2! =∗2∋∃6+24(! #7−&∋(! 3∃/∃! +#0−∃/+0+/! 4∃−!

∋&=+/+20&∃,!3∗+#!∃)∗+−−∃!/+)∗&+/+!∋+!−∃!3/++Γ+20&∃!∋+!∗2!

2+8(0&(! 3∃/∃! 3(∋+/! (3+/∃/,! −(! )∗+! 2(! #∗0+∋+! +2! +−!

#∗3∗+#4(!∋+−!2+8(0&(!&2+Γ+24+Β!

!!!Φ(/! −(! ∋+6:#,! +#! &63(/4∃24+! ∋&28∗&/! +2! 2∗+#4/(!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 2∃0&(2∃−! ;! 8+2+/∃/! ∗2∃! 4+(/∆∃!

0(63−+4∃!)∗+!+Γ3−&)∗+!−∃!2(0&72!∋+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!?;∃!)∗+!

+Γ+!∗2∃!=/(2∋(#∃!∋∗#&72!∃−!/+#3+04(Α!;!#∗!∋&=+/+20&∃!

0(2!−∃#!(4/∃#!0∃4+8(/∆∃#!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!3(/!0∗∃24(!4∃−!

0∃4+8(/∆∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!∋+!6∃2+/∃!&20(//+04∃!;!0(2!3(0∃!4902&0∃!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!#+!1∃!∃#&6&−∃∋(!∃!−∃!0∃4+8(/∆∃! ∋+!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋! )∗+!

+#!∗2∃!0∃4+8(/∆∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!2+8(0&∃−!0−∃/∃6+24+!∋&24∃,!3(/!

+−−(! 2(! +#! ∃∋6&%−+! 1∃%−∃/! ?#&2! 0∃+/! +2! −∃! ∋+=&0&+20&∃!

4902&0∃Α!∋+! −∃#!6∃#!0(6(! #&!=∗+/∃2!−(! 6(Β!φ(;!+2!

45!

∋∆∃,!#(2!&2&6∃8&2∃%−+#!−(#!∋&5+/#(#!;!0(63−+≅(#!#∗3∗+#4(#!

+2! )∗+! #+! 3∗+∋+2! 3/+#+24∃/! −∃#! /+−∃0&(2+#! #(0&∃−+#,! )∗+!

∃5∃2

∋+#+25(−5&6&+24(! ;! ∋+#∃//(−−(Λ! 3(/! −(! 4∃24(,! /+#∗−4∃!

2+0+#∃/&∃! −∃! &20(/3(/∃0&72! ∋+! −∃! =&8∗/∃! )∗+! 5+2&6(#!

0(6+24∃2∋(! ∃! 6∃2+/∃! ∋+! 0(24/(−,! 0(2! −∃! =&2∃−&∋∃∋! ∋+!

∃0+24∗∃/!;!∃=&/6∃/!−∃!#+8∗/&∋∃∋!≅∗/∆∋&0∃Β!

!!!Χ1(/∃,!%&+2!0(2!4∃−!0(6+4&∋(,!+#!2+0+#∃/&(!∋+#∃//(−−∃/!−(#!

#&8∗&+24+#! 4+6∃#,! 3∃/∃! −∗+8(! ∃//&%∃/! ∃−! 4+6∃! (%≅+4(! ∋+−!

3/+#+24+!∃/4∆0∗−(Β!!

ΙΗ∗ϑ:69∗>01;=.:9∗

!!!Φ∃/∃!0(20+34∗∃−&∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!)∗+!+#!−∃!4+(/∆∃!3(/!

−∃! )∗+! 1∃! (34∃∋(! 2∗+#4/(! (/∋+2∃6&+24(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 0&5&−! ∃−!

/+8∗−∃/−∃!+2!+−!Κ&%/(!ΡΡ!∋+−!ϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−!2∃0&(2∃−,!∋+%+6(#!

/+=+/&/2(#! ∃! −(#! 1+01(#! 5(−∗24∃/&(#,! −(#! 0∗∃−+#! −(#!

0−∃#&=&0∃6(#! +2! −∆0&4(#! +! &−∆0&4(#,! −(#! ∃04(#! −∆0&4(#! #+!

#∗%∋&5&∋+2! +2! ∃04(#! )∗+! 4&+2+2! 0(6(! =&2! &26+∋&∃4(!

3/(∋∗0&/! −(#! +=+04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#! +2∗20&∃∋(#! +2! =(/6∃!

8+29/&0∃!3(/!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!4∃−!0(6(!∃3∃/+0+!+2!

+−!∃/4∆0∗−(!ΘΥΙ! ∋+−! ϑ7∋&8(! ϑ&5&−! ;! )∗+!0(2#+!+2!0/+∃/,!

6(∋&=&0∃/,! /+8∗−∃/! (! +Γ4&28∗&/! /+−∃0&(2+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Β! ∀#! −(!

)∗+!#+!0(2(0+!0(2!+−!2(6%/+!∋+!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!+≅+63−(#,!−(#!

4Χ!

0(24/∃4(#,!+−!4+#4∃6+24(,!+−!6∃4/&6(2&(,!∃!∋+0&/!∋+!γ(6+/(!

χ(24+#

∃

Β!

!!!Κ(!∃24+/&(/! )∗&+/+!∋+0&/!)∗+!+#4∃6(#!=/+24+!∃!∗2!1+01(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!1∗6∃2(,!5(−∗24∃/&(,!−∆0&4(!;!0(2!=&2+#!)∗+/&∋(#,!+2!

=(/6∃! &26+∋&∃4∃,! 3(/! +−! 0+−+%/∃24+Β! Φ+/(! =/+24+! ∃! +#4(#!

∃04(#!+Γ+2! (4/(#! ∋(2∋+! 2(! 1∃;!+#+!=&2!(! 3/(37#&4(Β! ∀2!

+#+!0∃#(! +#4∃6(#! ∃24+! ∃04(#!−∆0&4(#,!#&2! =&2! &26+∋&∃4(! ∋+!

3/(∋∗0&/!0(2#+0∗+20&∃#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#! #+ε∃−∃∋∃#!+2!+−!∃/4∆0∗−(!

ΘΥΙ! ∋+−! ϑ7∋&8(! ϑ&5&−Β! Χ)∗∆! +#4∃6(#! =/+24+! ∃! −(! )∗+!

ϑ&=∗+24+#!∋+2(6&2∃!#&63−+#!∃04(#!5(−∗24∃/&(#!−∆0&4(#,! (!∃!

−(#!)∗+!Κ+72!∴∃/∃2∋&∃/∃2!−−∃6∃!∃04(#!5(−∗24∃/&(#! −∆0&4(#!

#&2! ∋+0−∃/∃0&72! ∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋Β! ϑ(6(! #(#4&+2+! Μ(//+#!

η:#)∗+

6∃2&=+#4∃0&72! ∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋,! %∃#4∃! )∗+! +−! #∗≅+4(! +#49!

∋∗+#4(! ∃! 3/∃04&0∃/! +−! ∃04(,! +2! 4∃24(! )∗+! +2! +−! ∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#! 2+0+#∃/&(! )∗+! +−! #∗≅+4(! 1∃;∃! )∗+/&∋(! +−!

/+#∗−4∃∋(!∋+−!∃04(

Β!

!!!Κ∃! 0(20+30&72! ∋+! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! )∗+! 5+2&6(#!

∋+#∃//(−−∃2∋(! +#! −∃! )∗+! #+! 3/(3∗82∃! +2! −∃! ∋(04/&2∃!

2∃0&(2∃−,! 3(/! −(#! ∃∗4(/+#! )∗+! ∃∋#0/&%+2! ∃! ∋&01∃! 4+(/∆∃,!

5+∃6(#!∃!0(24&2∗∃0&72!∃−8∗2∃#!0&4∃#,!∃!8∗∃!∋+!+≅+63−(Β!

∃

!Τ%∋#Τ%!∋%ΗΕ#&)!ε<248/,8+!∗2α/5;.<=9/8+)!ΜΙ!59Φ)!

#9/7+21!∃/]<5<=2!Ρ+<7+82<<5!

!Τ%∋#Τ%!∋%ΗΕ#&)!ε<248/,8+!∗2α/5Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!φΝΦ!

4Β!

Χ#∆,! Μ(//+#! η:#)∗+

1∗6∃2(,! 5(−∗24∃/&(,! −∆0&4(,! 0(2! ιι6∃2&=+#4∃0&72! ∋+!

5(−∗24∃∋!∋+#4&2∃∋∃!∃!0/+∃/,!/+8∗−∃/,!6(∋&=&0∃/!(!+Γ4&28∗&/!

/+−∃0&(2+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#ϕϕΠ

Λ! ∴+−4/:2! Φ∃01+0(! 3/+0∃! )∗+,! +−!

∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#! ∗2! Ο1+01(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 1∗6∃2(! 5(−∗24∃/&(!

−∆0&4(!0(2!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋!0∗;∃#!0(2#+0∗+20&∃#!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃#!#(2!−∃#! )∗+/&∋∃#! 3(/! −(#! #∗≅+4(#Π

∋

Β!∀2!+−! 6(!

#+24&∋(!0(20+34>∃!∃−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!η&∋∃−!γ∃6∆/+<

(

Β!Φ(/!#∗!

3∃/4+,!_∗#6∃2!Μ&26∃2!;!.+!−∃!Φ∗+24+!;!Κ∃5∃−−+!3(#4∗−∃2!

)∗+,! 4∃24(! +−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 0(6(! +−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,!

+Γ3−&0∃2! −∃! ∃04∗∃0&72! ∋+! −∃! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃! ∋+! −∃! 5(−∗24∃∋,!

1∃%&92∋(#+!/+8∗−∃∋(! +−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +2! /+#8∗∃/∋∃!∋+!−∃!

4/∃∋&0&72!≅∗/∆∋&0∃Β!∀−−(!+2!∃4+20&72!∃!∋(#!=∗2∋∃6+24(#

)

β!&Α!

)∗+! +−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#! +−! #∗3∗+#4(! ∋+! 1+01(! 3/+5(! ;!

/+8∗−∃∋(!3(/! −∃! −+;! 0(6(! =∗+24+!∋+!+=+04(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#!3(/!

5&/4∗∋!∋+!−∃! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃! ∋+! −∃! 5(−∗24∃∋Λ!;! &&Α!)∗+!+−!∃04(!

!Ε%ΤΤ#&! Βγ&ηι#()! ?4=]21χ! ?87+! ∗.<=9/8+)! ϑΙ! 59Φ)! #9/7+21!

3∀#∋&?)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚΜ)!∆Φ!ΟφΦ!

∋

!ϕ#∃ΕΤγΗ! Ρ?ΑΨ#Α%)! ∗+<:5>! 0∃2! /45Σ/828/2! 951! ?87+!

∗.<=9/8+>)! 84∋−∀+∗9%( 34+∃%5+4−∀∗0∃∋,∀%)! ΗΙ! Ο)!β28572! ∗.<=9/82)! ∃/Υ2)!

ϑΚΚΜ)!∆Φ!ΠΦ!!

(

!Β3∀?∃!Τ?∋3Τ#()!ε5<4249+χ!#1!287+!;.<=9/8+)!β28572!∗.<=9/82!

#9/7+<5,)!∃/Υ2)!ΜΝΝΛΦ!

)

!(ι&∋?Η!Ε3Η∋?Η)!&.,242!Ζ!∀#!∃?!Ρι#ΗΕ#!κ!Β?∃∃#)!∋24.51χ!

0?475∆>)!:+92∀0&9%( 2(

;∗&∀5+92∀0&9%( −∀( ,∋( !∀<9+=∋( −∀,( 81−∃/9( 8∃#∃,)! ε+49+! #9/7+21! 95! 12!

Ρ+47/Σ/8/2!ι4/α5!ΕΦ!33)!∃/Υ2)!∆ΦΠΜΦ!!

4Ε!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! 0(6(! =∗+24+! ∋+! ∋+/+01(! (%≅+4&5(,! 3/&20&3&(! ∋+!

/+8−∃6+24∃0&72,! 3(/! #+/! =∗+24+! ∋+! /+−∃0&(2+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Β!

Κ(16∃22!Κ∗0∃!∋+!Μ+2∃!#+ε∃−∃!)∗+β!Οϑ−:#&0∃6+24+!+−!∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!?+2!#∗!#+24&∋(!/+#4/&28&∋(Α!1∃!#&∋(!∋+#0/&4(!0(6(!

∃)∗+−! ∃04(! 5(−∗24∃/&(! ;! −∆0&4(! ιι)∗+! 4∃28∃! 3(/! =&2!

&26+∋&∃4(! +24/+! −∃#! 3+/#(2∃#! /+−∃0&(2+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Λ! 0/+∃/,!

6(∋&=&0∃/,!4/∃2#=+/&/,!0(2#+/5∃/!(!∃2&)∗&−∃/!∋+/+01(#ϕϕ,κΛ!

3+/(! +#4+! ∃04(! 5(−∗24∃/&(! ;! −∆0&4(! ∋+%+! 3/(5+2&/! ∋+! ∗2∃!

+Γ3/+#&72! ∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋ΒΠ

!∗

,! ∃8/+8∃2∋(! )∗+,! ∋&01∃!

0(20+30&72,! #&2! 5∃/&∃0&(2+#! #∗#4∃20&∃−+#,! +#! 0(63∃/4&∋∃!

3(/!−∃! 6∃;(/∆∃! ∋+! ∃∗4(/+#! 0−:#&0(#,!#(%/+!4(∋(!=/∃20+#+#Β!

.+!−∃!Φ∗+24+!;!Κ∃5∃−−+

!−∃!∋+#∃//(−−∃!+2!=(/6∃!6:#!∃63−&∃,!

0(20(/∋∃2∋(!0(2!Ζ∃5&82;!+2!∋&=+/+20&∃/!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!

;!2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!3∗+#4(!)∗+!−∃! 2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃!+#!=∗+24+!

∋+! ∋+/+01(! (%≅+4&5(! ;! +−! 2+8(0&(! +#! =∗+24+! ∋+! ∋+/+01(!

#∗%≅+4&5(! ;! ∋+! (%−&8∃0&(2+#Β! η&∋∃−! γ∃6∆/+

∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!+2!#+24&∋(!+#4/&04(!0(2!+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∋+!

−∃!∋(04/&2∃!∃−+6∃2∃Λ!∃−/+∋+∋(/! ∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!8&/∃2!−(#!

0(20+34(#!∋+!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!;!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!3∃/∃!&24+8/∃/!

!∗

!∃%Ψ∋?ΗΗ!∃ιΑ?!∀#!Ε#Η?)!∗.24!β./115!#1!Η5:+8/+!∗.<=9/8+)!

ϑΙ!59Φ)!#9/7+<2!∗.<=9/82!β;15Ζ)!∃/Υ2)!ΜΝΝΘ)!∆Φ!φφΦ!

!∀#! ∃?! Ρι#ΗΕ#! κ!Β?∃∃#)! ∋24.51χ! 0#1! Α+47<27+! 54! β545<21Φ!

Α+Υ5472+,! 2! 12! &588/∴4! ΡΥ5<2! 951! ∃/]!Β33! 951! Α∴9/:+! Α/α/1>)!

>∃?,∃9&∀0∋(5∋+∋(,∀∀+(∀,(81−∃/9(8∃#∃,(≅(:+∃=∀+∋(:∋+ &∀Φ!ε+49+!#9/7+21!95!12!

Ρ+47/Σ/8/2!ι4/α5)!ΜΝΝΜ)!Β+1Φ!Γ3)!ΕΦ!3)!∆∆Φ!

φλ!δ!ΠΜΦ!

43!

−∃! 4/∃∋&0&72! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! 3+/∗∃2∃! &2&0&∃∋∃! 3(/! λ(#9! Κ+72!

∴∃/∃2∋&∃/:2!+2!#∗#!0(6+24∃/&(#!∃−!ϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−!∋+!Θ[ΤΩ

!∀

Β!

!∀

!?.4ς.5)!21!<5,∆587+!,5![2!9/8[+!ς.5)!54!:545<21)!12!9+8742!428/+421!

951! Α∴9/:+! Α/α/1! 95! ΜΝφΟ! 8+4Σ.49/∴! 9/Σ5<5475,! 75+<=2,! 951! 45:+8/+!

;.<=9/8+! Ζ! 95! 12! 82.,2!∆2<2! Σ.492Υ5472

8+4!,.,!∆<5Υ/,2,Φ! #,72!8+4Σ.,/∴4! ,5!95]/∴!2!12!<585∆8/∴4! /42958.292!

95!12! 75+<=2!:545<21! 951!45:+8/+!;.<=9/8+!Ζ! 2!12! /48+Υ∆<54,/∴4!95!12,!

/952,!95!∗+,−!∃5∴4!ϕ2<249/2

75+<=2χ!&5≅21∴!ς.5!54!1+,!µ[58[+,!α+1.472+,!1=8/7+,!,/4!95812<28/∴4!95!

α+1.4729ν! +! 54! 12,! +∆5<28/+45,! ;.<=9/82,)! ]2,72]2! ,/Υ∆15Υ5475! .4!

[58[+)!.42!<521/ο28/∴4!ΣΩ87/82!95!287/α/929! [.Υ242)!,/4!ς.5! 56/,7/5<2!

95812<28/∴4! 95! α+1.4729! ∆

5,∆58/Σ/828/∴4)! 12! 8+4Υ/67/∴4)! 12! ∆1247/Σ/828/∴4)! 12! 59/Σ/828/∴4)! 12!

2885,/∴4!/49.,721)! 12!8+4,7/7.8/∴4! 95!9+Υ/8/1/+!∆+ 51!,/Υ∆15! [58[+!

95!12!<5,/9548/2!α+1.4722!54!.4!1.:27/5Υ∆+Φ!#4!82Υ]/+)!

54! 1+,! µ[58[+,! α+1.472+,! 1=8/7+,! 8+4! 95812<28/∴4! 95! α+1.4729ν)! 12!

95812<28/∴4!5,72]2!Σ+51!,547/9+!95!9575Ζ!ς.5<5

5Σ587+! Υ/,Υ+! 95! 12! <5128/∴4! ;.<=9/82! ς.5! Σ+

<5128/∴4χ! #<2! .42! Υ24/Σ5,728/∴4! 95! α+1.4729! 9/

<5128/∴4! ;.<=9/82)! ς.5! 5,72]2! 8+4,7/7./92! ∆+

5482<429+,! 54! 12! 95812<28/∴4! 8+Υ+! α5

75,72Υ547+)!51! 287+! 8+4,7/7.7/α+! 95! 2,+8/28/∴4)!51!5,72]158/Υ/547+! 95!

9+Υ/8/1/+!Υ59/2475!95812<28/∴4!2475!12!∋.4/8/∆21/929)!1+,!5,∆+4,215,)!

51! <58+4+8/Υ/547+! 95! [/;+)! 51! 8+4α54/+! 95! ∆2<7/8/∴4)! 51! 8+47<27+)! 12!

95812<28/∴4!8<529+<2!95!+]1/:28/+45,!.4/1275<215,Φ!?9/8/+421Υ5475)!51!

∋25,7<+! &24Υ2

2]2 287+! ;.<=9/8+! 8+Υ∆<5495! 7+9+! [58[+! ;.<=9/8+! α+1.472+!

1=8/7+)!,/4! +!8+4!95812<28/∴4! 95!α+1.4729Ξ!9Ω49+,5! 2!1+,! ,5:.49+,!51!

4+Υ]<5! 95! 45:+8/+,! ;.<=9/8+,Φ! #,72,! /952,! 951! ;.,72! ∆5<.24>

/4Σ1.548/2

46!

!!!∀2!+−! (/∋+2!∋+!&∋+∃#!+Γ3∗+#4(,! +#4∃6(#!+2!0(2∋&0&(2+#!

∋+!∃=&/6∃/!)∗+! +−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! ∋+! ∃0∗+/∋(! ∃! −∃! ∋(04/&2∃!

2∃0&(2∃−,!+#!∗2!1+01(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!1∗6∃2(,!5(−∗24∃/&(,!−∆0&4(!

)∗+!4&+2+! +2! 0(6>2! −∃! 2(4∃! +#+20&∃−!∋+!#+/!)∗+/&∋(#!3(/!

#∗#!∃∗4(/+#!3∃/∃!0(2#+8∗&/!∗2! 0&+/4(! +=+04(,! +−! 0∗∃−! #&! #+!

5+/&=&0∃! +#! 0(2#+0∗+20&∃! &26+∋&∃4∃! ∋+! −∃! 5(−∗24∃∋Β! ∀#!

∋+0&/,! +Γ+! ∗2∃! 6∃2&=+#4∃0&72! ∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋! 0(2! ∗2!

∋+4+/6&2∃∋(!=&2,!0(6(!∃#∆!∋+=&2+!∃−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!+−!ϑ7∋&8(!

ϑ&5&−,!+2!#∗!∃/4∆0∗−(!ΘΥΙ,!∋+!∋(2∋+!#+!4&+2+!)∗+,!+2!+#4/&04(,!

∃)∗+−!?+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Α!#+!&∋+24&=&0∃!∃!−∃!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!

5(−∗24∃∋Β!!

ΚΗ∗∀3/9:.9∗>01;=.:9∗

!!!∀2! 0∗∃24(! ∃! +#4∃! 4+(/∆∃,! /+3/(∋∗0&6(#! ∗2∃! ∃=&/6∃0&72!

)∗+!/+5+−∃,!0(2!#∗6(!∃0&+/4(,!∗2∃!&∋+∃!4(4∃−6+24+!+//∃∋∃!

)∗+,!3(/!6∗01(!4&+63(,! #+!1∃!6∃24+2&∋(! 2(!#(−(!∃!2&5+−!

2∃0&(2∃−! #&2(! 4∃6%&92! ∃! 2&5+−! ∋+! Κ∃4&2(∃69/&0∃,! +#4(! +#!

428/+421Φ!#Σ587/α2Υ5475)!51!;.,72!∆5<.24 class="_ _0">/475

,5!29α/<7/∴!ς.5!51!+ 95!,.,! /952,!5,72]2!54!12!75+<=2!95!?49<52,!

Β+4!Ε[..7/1/ο292,!∆+<. class="lsc ws22">242!,5!∆.595!

8+Υ∆9−8292,!951!7<5/472!Ζ!951!8.2<5472!4+!56/,7=2!.42!

8/548/2!95! 12! ∆249587=,7/82Φ!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)!Τ∴Υ.1+χ! 0Α∴9/:+!

Α/α/1!95! ΜΝφΟ!Ζ!9+8742! ∆5<.242 class="_ _0">Τ585∆8/∴4!95! 12!75+<=2!:545<21! 951!

45:+8/+!;.<=9/8+>)!:+90∀%9(Α( 34%&∃0∃∋(≅(!∀#∃%&∋(−∀(Β∀+∀0Χ9( :+90∀%∋,)!ΗΙ!λ)!

Ρ5Φ!

4∆!

)∗+!Ο+2! Κ∃4&2(∃69/&0∃,! ;! 4∃6%&92!+2! +−! Φ+/>,! ∗2!#+04(/!

∋(04/&2∃/&(!0(2#&∋+/∃!−∃!+Γ+20&∃!∋+!∗2!#(−(!0(20+34(!∋+!

2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,! −(! )∗+! /+#∗−4∃! 3(/!∋+6:#!&63/+0(,!;∃!

)∗+!1∃;!5∃/&(#Β!Χ#∆!+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!3∗+∋+!#+/!∋+=&2&∋(!

0(6(β! ∋+0−∃/∃0&72! ∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋,! 0(6(! 1+01(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(!

∃%#4/∃04(,! ∃∗4(//+8∗−∃0&72! ∋+! &24+/+#+#,! ;! 0(6(! 1+01(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!0(20/+4(!;!=∗+24+!∋+!∋+/+01(Π

Λ!&20−∗#(,!−∗+8(,!+−!

3/(=+#(/! χ(/∃−+#! φ+/5&∃#! 1∃! 3/+0∃∋(! )∗+β! ΟΚ(#!

0(20+34(#! ∋+! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 3∗+∋+2! 0−∃#&=&0∃/#+! ∋+!

∋&=+/+24+#!6∃2+/∃#ΒΒΒ! ∀−! 0(20+34(! #(%/+!−∃! 6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!

∋+!−∃!5(−∗24∃∋!?0(20+30&72!5(−∗24∃/∃!(!∃24/(3(−78&0∃Α,!

+−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! −∃! ∃∗4(//+8−∃6+24∃0&72! ∋+! &24+/+#+#!

?0(20+30&72!∋+0−∃/∃0&(2∃!(!3/+0+34&5∃Α,!+−!0(20+34(!∋+−!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(! 3/&5∃∋(! ∃∗472(6(! ?0(20+30&72!

&2#4&4∗0&(2∃−Α,! +−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! −∃! 2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! 3/&5∃∋∃!

?0(20+30&72!2(/6∃4&5∃Α,!+−!0(20+34(!∋+−!∃04(!5&20∗−∃24+!∋+!

3/&5∃∋∃! /+8−∃6+24∃0&72! ∋+! &24+/+#+#! ?0(20+30&72!

∃Γ&(−78&0∃Α,! +−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! −∃! ∋+0−∃/∃0&72! ∋+! 5&8+20&∃!

?0(20+30&72! ∋+! −∃! 5∃−&∋+

675&−! (! 0(6%&2∃4(/&(! ?0(20+30&72! 0(6%&2∃4(/&∃Α,! +−!

0(20+34(! ∋+! ∗2! ∃04(! 3/(8/∃6:4&0(! ?0(20+30&72!

3/(8/∃6:4&0∃ΑΒ! +−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! ∗2! ∃04(! 3+/=(/6∃4&5(!

?0(20+30&72! 0(6∗2&0∃4&5∃Α,! +−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! ∗2! ∃04(!

0(63−+≅(!∋+!∋(#!−&%+/4∃∋+#!?0(20+30&72!∋+!−∃#!−&%+/4∃∋+#Α!

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)! Τ∴Υ.1+Φ! #,7.9/+,!,+]<5!Ε5+<=2! β545<21!951!

Α+47<27+)!#9/7+<2!∗.<=9/82!β;15Ζ!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!ϑΚΚΟ)!∆Φ!λφΦ!

7Κ!

;! +−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! 3∗24(! ∋+! 0(2+Γ&72! ?0(20+30&72!

+0−904&0∃ΑΒΠ

!∃

Β!!

!!!Ν(! (%#4∃24+,! +−! ∋+#∃//(−−(! 4+7/&0(! )∗+! 1∃! 6+/+0&∋(! +−!

2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!Ε#(%/+!−(!)∗+!2(!5∃6(#!∃!3/(=∗2∋&3(/!

0∗∃24(! 2(! +#! (%≅+4(! ∋+! 2∗+#4/(! 4+6∃! ∃! 4/∃4∃/! ;! #&+2∋(,!

∃∋+6:#,!)∗+! +−−(! &63(/4∃! ∗2!+#3∃0&(! ∋+! +#4∗∋&(! 6∗01(!

6:#!∃63−&(,!)∗+!6∗;!%&+2!3(∋/∆∃!#+/!(%≅+4(!∋+!∗2!4/∃%∃≅(!

−∃4(! ∋+! &25+#4&8∃0&72! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃Ε,! ∃! +=+04(! ∋+! ∃2∃−&

0∃4+8(/∆∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃,!>2&0∃6+24+!1∃/+6(#,!

∃!0(24&2∗∃0&72,!/+=+/+20&∃!∃!−∃#!∋(#!4+(/∆∃#!)∗+!+Γ3−&0∃2!Ε;!

)∗+!1∃2!−(8/∃∋(!6∃;(/!+−∃%(/∃0&72!4902&0∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!+2!#∗#!

3(#4∗−∃∋(#Ε! +−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 0(2! 6∃;(/! 0(1+/+20&∃!

−78&0∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃! ;!)∗+!?3(/!+−! 6(6+24(,! ∃−!6+2(#Α!#(2! −∃#!

6:#! /+3/+#+24∃4&5∃#,! 0−∃/(! +#4:! #&2! 2+8∃/! ;! 6:#! %&+2!

/+#+/5:2∋(2(#!0(6+24∃/&(!(! 4/∃4∃6&+24(! /+#3+04(! ∋+! −∃#!

4+(/∆∃#! 3(#4∗−∃∋∃#! )∗+! #+! 1∃2! +−∃%(/∃∋(! ∃24+#! ;! 0(2!

3(#4+/&(/&∋∃∋!∃!−∃#!)∗+!+2!#+8∗&∋∃!1∃/+6(#!/+=+/+20&∃Β!

ΚΗΓΗ∗#391;,∗513:356.Φ,∗=301;=.:9∗∗

∀−! 3∃∋/+! (! 0/+∃∋(/! ∋+! +#4∃! 4+(/∆∃,! +#! +−! &−∗#4/+! 6∃+#4/(!

&4∃−&∃2(!∀6&−&(!∴+44&,!)∗&+2!∋+=&2+β!Ο∀−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!+#!

!∃

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)!Τ∴Υ.1+Φ!0Η.5α2,!Ρ5 951!Η5:+8/+!

∗.<=9/8+>)!Β∀+∀0Χ9( Α(∆90∃∀−∋−( ≅(Β∀+∀0Χ9( 8∃#∃,)!?,+8/28/∴4!Α/α/1)!ΗΙ!ϑΛ)!

∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚΘ)!∆Φ!ϑΝΠΦ!

74!

+−!∃04(!0(2!+−!0∗∃−!+−!&2∋&5&∋∗(!/+8∗−∃!3(/! #∆!−(#! &24+/+#+#!

3/(3&(#! +2! −∃#! /+−∃0&(2+#! 0(2! (4/(#! ?∃04(! ∋+! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃!

3/&5∃∋∃Α,! ;! ∃−! )∗+! +−! ∋+/+01(! +2−∃

0(2=(/6+#!∃!−∃!=∗20&72! +0(276&0∃Ε#(0&∃−! )∗+! 0∃/∃04+/&

#∗! 4&3(Π

Β! Ζ+8>2! +#4∃! 4+(/∆∃! 4(∋(#! −(#! #∗≅+4(#! #(0&∃−+#!

4&+2+2!−∃!3(4+#4∃∋!?3(∋+/!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∋+2(6&2∃∋(!∃∗4(2(6∆∃!

3/&5∃∋∃,! )∗+! +#! +−! Ο1+01(! #(0&∃−Π! )∗+! +−! (/∋+2∃6&+24(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! 4(6∃! +2! 0(2#&∋+/∃0&72! 3∃/∃! −∃! ∃4/&%∗0&72! ∋+!

+=+04(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#Α!∋+!∃∗4(//+8∗−∃/!#∗#!&24+/+#+#!?∋&82(#!∋+!

4∗4+−∃Α,! −∃! 0∗∃−! 0/+∃,! 6(∋&=&0∃! (! +Γ4&28∗+! /+−∃0&(2+#!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Β! ∀24(20+#! +−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#! ∗2! ∃04(! ∋+!

∃∗4(2(6∆∃! 3/&5∃∋∃! ?)∗+! 0(24&+2+! &24+/+#+#! 3/&5∃∋(#!

#(0&∃−6+24+!/+−+5∃24+#,!;,!3(/!4∃24(,!∋&82(#!∋+!4∗4+−∃Α,!∃!

−(#!0∗∃−+#!+−!∋+/+01(!?/+0(2(0+Α!+2−∃≅∗/∆∋&0(#!

∋+#4&2∃∋(#!∃! ∃04∗∃/!−∃!=∗20&72! #(0&∃−6+24+!/+−+5∃24+!)∗+!

0∃/∃04+/&

?2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(Α! 0(2#4&4∗;+! /+=+/+24+! 3∃/∃! +−! 1+01(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!1&3(494&0(! ∋+! ∗2∃! 2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∃!4/∃59#!∋+!∗2!

3/+0+34(!3/&5∃∋(!?)∗+!+#4:!0(24+2&∋(!+2!4∃−!1+01(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!

1&3(494&0(Α,!∃−!0∗∃−!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!0∃−&=&0∃!∋+!∋(#!

6∃2+/∃#β!0(2!4/∃#0+2∋+20&∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!2+8∃4&5∃!?∗2+!+=+04(#!

≅∗/∆∋&0(#! 0(24/∃/&(#! ∃−! =&2! 3/∃04&0(! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(Α! #&! −∃!

=∗20&72!3/∃04&0∃!∋+−!2+8(0&(!+#!/+3/(%∃%−+!3(/!+−!∋+/+01(!

!ϕ#ΕΕ3)!#Υ/1/+χ!Ε5+<=2!β545<21!951!Η5:+8/+!∗.<=9/8+)!7<29.88/∴4! Ζ!

8+48+<9248/2,! 8+4! 51! ∀5<58[+! #,∆2≅+1! ?Φ! ∋2<7=4! Ρ−<5ο)! #9/7+21!

Τ5α/,72!95!∀5<58[+!Ρα29+)!∋299)!ΜΝλΝ)!∆∆Φ!φΝδΟΛΦ!!

77!

3(#&4&5(Λ! (! 0(2! 4/∃#0+2∋+20&∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! 3(#&4&5∃!

?/+0(2(0&6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∋+−!2+8(0&(Α!#&!−∃!=∗20&72!3/:04&0∃!

∋+−!2+8(0&(!+#!/+−+5∃24+!#(0&∃−6+24+!;!∋&82∃!∋+!3/(4+00&72!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃!0(2=&+/+!∃!−(#!3∃/4&0∗−∃/+#!0(63+4+20&∃!∋(#&4&5∃!

∋+24/(!∋+!0&+/4(#!−∆6&4+#!;!0∃/8∃#,!3∃/∃!0/+∃/,!6(∋&=&0∃/!(!

+Γ4&28∗&/! /+−∃0&(2+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#ΑΒ! µ#4∃! >−4&6∃! 6∃2+/∃,! #+!

∋+#0/&%+!+2!−∃!+#4/∗04∗/∃!)∗+!0(63/+2∋+!−∃!=(/6∃!Ε+−!6(∋(!

?∋+0−∃/∃0&72!(! 0(63(/4∃6&+24(Α!0(6(!+−! 2+8(0&(! #+!1∃0+!

/+0(2(0&%−+! ∃! −(#! ∋+6:#! ?+−! 076(! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(ΑΕ,! ;! +−!

0(24+2&∋(!Σ+−!3/+0+34(!∋+!∃∗4(2(6∆∃!3/&5∃∋∃!?+−!)∗9!0(#∃!

∋+−!2+8(0&(Α,!;!+2!−∃!=∗20&72!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(ΕΒ!

!!!∀24(20+#,!+−!0(24+2&∋(!∋+!−(#!3/+0+34(#!∋+!−∃!∃∗4(2(6∆∃!

?4/∃#0+2∋+24+#! #(0&∃−6+24+Α! #(2! 0∃−&=&0∃∋(#! 3(/! +−!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∃!4/∃59#!∋+−!/+0(2(0&6&+24(!(!∋+!−∃!

/+0+30&72! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! ∋+! −(#! =&2+#! 3/:04&0(#! ∋+! −(#! #∗≅+4(#!

#(0&∃−+#! 0(2=(/6+#! ∃! −(#! =&2+#! 8+2+/∃−+#,! ;! +2! 4∃24(!

0(24/∃#4∃∋(#! 0(2! +−! 1+01(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 1&3(494&0(! ∋+! ∗2∃!

2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃,! #+! 3/(∋∗0&/:2! −(#! +=+04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#Β! Μ∃−!

0∃−&=&0∃0&72! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! #+! 1∃0+! 3(/! 4&3(#! +! &24+/+#+#! )∗+!

3∗+∋+2!/+#∗6&/#+!+2! 4&3(#!8+2+/∃−+#!;!+2!+#4+!#+24&∋(!+2!

4∆3&0(#,!3∗+#!+#4∃!4+(/∆∃!3∃/4+!∋+!−∃!2(0&72!∋+!&24+/9#!3∃/∃!

+−! +#4∗∋&(! ∋+−! ∃04(! ∋+! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃! 3/&5∃∋∃! )∗+! 8+2+/∃!

+=+04(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#!(4(/8∃∋(#!3(/!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!

75!

ΚΗΙΗ∗#391;,∗8917,6.Φ,∗=301;=.:9∗∗

!!!φ∃#4∃! ∃24+#! ∋+! +#4∃! 4+(/∆∃,! 4(∋∃! +−! ∋+#∃//(−−(! #(%/+! −∃!

4+(/∆∃!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!#+!+20∗+24/∃2!&2#3&/∃∋(#!+2!+−!

6∃/0(!4+7/&0(!+#4∃%−+0&∋(!3(/!Ζ∃5&82;,!−∃!−+;!+#!=∗+24+!∋+!

∋+/+01(! (%≅+4&5(,! +2! 4∃24(! )∗+,! +−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#!

=∗+24+! ∋+! ∋+/+01(#! #∗%≅+4&5(#! ;! ∋+%+/+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#!

?/+−∃0&(2+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#ΑΛ! #&2! +6%∃/8(,! 3∃/∃! Κ∗&8&! ν+//&!

3(2+24+! ∋+! −∃! 4+(/∆∃! 2(/6∃4&5∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,!

#(#4+2∋/:! ;! +#4∃%−+0+/:! )∗+! +−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! ∃−! &8∗∃−!

)∗+!−∃!−+;,! #(2! =∗+24+! ∋+! ∋+/+01(! (%≅+4&5(,! ∋+! /+−∃0&(2+#!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃#!;!∋+!#&4∗∃0&(2+#!≅∗/∆∋&0∃#

Β!∀#4+!3(∋+/!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∋+!

−(#! 3∃/4&0∗−∃/+#! ∋+! 0/+∃/! 2(/6∃#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#! +Γ4&+2∋+,!

+5&∋+24+6+24+,! +−! 0∃63(! ∋+! ∃00&72! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(!

3(/!+−! 3(∋+/! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! )∗+!4&+2+!−(#! 3∃/4&0∗−∃/+#! ∋+! 0/+∃/!

2(/6∃#!≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Β!

!!!∀−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#! /+8∗−∃∋(! 3(/! −∃! −+;! 0(6(!1+01(!

?∋∃4(ΑΛ! 0(6(! 2(/6∃! +−! 2+8(0&(! ∃! #∗! 5+

0(63(/4∃6&+24(#Β!ϑ(2!−∃!3∃−∃%/∃!2+8(0&(!#+!∋+#&82∃!4∃24(!

+−!∃04(!0/+∃∋(/! ∋+! 2(/6∃#! ?+#! ∋+0&/,! +−!1+01(Α,!0(6(!−∃#!

2(/6∃#!3(/!+−−∃#!0/+∃∋∃#!?+#!∋+0&/,!+−!∋+/+01(Α

!∋

Β!

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)!Τ∴Υ.1+)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΘλΦ!

!∋

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)!Τ∴Υ.1+)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΘΟΦ!

7Χ!

!!!Κ∃! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃! 3/&5∃∋∃! +#! +−! 3(∋+/! 0(2=+/&∋(! ∃! −(#!

3∃/4&0∗−∃/+#! 3(/! ∗2∃! 2(/6∃! #∗3+/&(/! Ε)∗+! /+8∗−∃! #∗!

∃04∗∃0&72,!∃!4/∃59#!∋+!0∃/8∃#!;!−&6&4∃0&(2+#,!∃#&6(,!−∃!

−+;!3∗+∋+!∃63−&∃/!(!/+#4/&28&/!+−!0∃63(!+2!+−!)∗+!∃04>∃!−∃!

∃∗4(2(6∆∃! 3/&5∃∋∃Ε,! 3(/! +−! )∗+! #+! 3/(∋∗0+! 0∃6%&(#!

≅∗/∆∋&0(#! 6+∋&∃24+! +−! +#4∃%−+0&6&+24(! ?(! 6(∋&=&0∃0&72! (!

∋+/(8∃0&72Α! ∋+! ∗2∃! 2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃Λ! ∃#∆! +24+2∋&∋(! +−!

2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!+#!∗2!1+01(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!0(20/+4(!?;!=∗+24+!∋+!

∋+/+01(Α!∋+!∗2∃!2(/6∃!#∗3+/&(/!+2!+−!#+24&∋(!)∗+!+#!∗2∃!

2(/6∃!5:−&∋∃!#&!1∃!#&∋(!+6∃2∃∋∃!∋+!0(2=(/6&∋∃∋!0(2!−∃#!

2(/6∃#! 0(24+2&∋∃#! +2! ∗2∃! =∗+24+! #∗3+/&(/! ?=∗+24+! ∋+!

5∃−&∋+≅∗/∆∋&0(!+#!∗2∃!=∗+24+!∋+!3/(∋∗00&72!

?=∗+24+! ∋+! 0(2(0&6&+24(Α! +2! +−! #+24&∋(! ∋+! 6(∋(! ∋+!

6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!−∃!2(/6∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!3(/!−(!4∃24(,!+#!+−!∃04(!

)∗+! 4&+2+! 3(/! 0(24+2&∋(,! −∃! 2(/6∃! )∗+! ∋&3−&2∃!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃6+24+! −∃! =(/6∃0&72! ∋+−! ∋+/+01(Β! ∀−! 2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!4&+2+,!3∗+#,!∗2!0(24+2&∋(!2(/6∃4&5(

Β!

∗

ΛΗ∗∆13:.4.≅8∗:98:3560, 9∗ 3Α.4638:.,∗ Μ3∗ .83Α.4638:.,Ν∗ =3

83/9:.9∗Μ,:69Ν∗>01;=.:9∗

!!!φ∃#4∃! ∃)∗∆,! +−! ∋+#∃//(−−(! )∗+! 1+6(#! /+∃−&

3∗24(!∃24+/&(/!2(!+#!&2=/∗04∗(#(,!3(/!0∗∃24(!#&!2(#(4/(#!

!ε#ΤΤ3)! ∃./:/Φ! ∃2! ?.7+4+Υ=2! Ρα292)! Ε<29.88/∴4! Ζ! 4+72,! 95!

∀5<58[+!#,∆2≅+1! ∆+∃./,!&248[+! ∋549/ο2]21)! #9/7+21! Τ5α/,72! 95!

∀5<58[+!Ρα29+!∋299)!ΜΝΟΝΦ!∆Φ!ΟφΦ!

7Β!

(%#+/5∃6(#!∋+4+2&∋∃6+24+,!0−∃/∃6+24+!3(∋+6(#!∃∋5+/4&/!

∃−8(,! )∗+! ∃! −(! −∃/8(! ∋+! 4(∋∃! #∗! 4/∃;+04(/&∃,! ∋+#∋+! )∗+!

∃3∃/+0+!0(20+34∗∃−6+24+! &∋+24&=&0∃∋(,! ;∃! #+∃!+2! +−! 0∃#(!

∋+−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! ?0(2! #∗! 0(//+#3(2∋&+24+! ∋+#∃//(−−(!

4+7/&0(Α,!(!;∃!#+∃!+2!+−!0∃#(!∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!∋+#∋+!−∃!

3/&6+/∃!4+(/∆∃!1∃#4∃!−∃#! >−4&6∃#!)∗+!#+!5−∗6%/∃2!#(%/+!

+−!6(

,!+#!&22+8∃%−+!)∗+!∃6%(#,!/+0∃−0∃6(#,!0(2=(/6+!

∃! #∗#! /+#3+04&5∃#! 3+/#3+04&5∃#! Ε0(2! 4(∋(! −(! )∗+! +−−(!

&63−&0∃Ε,!4&+2+2!∗2∃!=(/6∃!∋+!#+/!/+0(2(0&∋(#!∃!4/∃59#!∋+!

∗2∃!0(82&0&72!∋+!−(#!6(#!)∗+!%/&2∋∃!#∗!+24+2∋&6&+24(!

(!0(63/+#&72!0(6(!4∃−+#Β!!

!!!Χ1(/∃! %&+2,! +−−(! 2(! +#! #(−(! ∗2∃! 0∗+#4&72! 6+/∃6+24+!

4+7/&0∃,!#&2(! )∗+,! ∃∋+6:#,! 4&+2+! 6∗01∃!∗4&−&∋∃∋!3/:04&0∃,!

;∃!)∗+!&63(/4∃!4∃24(!3∃/∃!+−!−+8−∃∋(/!0(6(!3∃/∃!+−!≅∗+

∃!#∗!4∗/2(,!0(24∃/!0(2!∗2!&2#4/∗6+24(!∋+!#+−+00&72!∋+!∃04(#!

(!0(2∋∗04∃#!)∗+!6+/+0+2!#+/!/+0(2(0&∋∃#!3(/!+−!∋+/+01(!;,!

3(/! 4∃24(,! 4∗4+−∃∋∃#β! +2! +−! 0∃#(! ∋+−! −+8−∃∋(/,! 3/+5&∃!

∃%#4/∃00&72!∋+!−∃! /+∃−&∋∃∋! ?∋+! −∃#! 0(2∋∗04∃#! (! ∃04(#!)∗+!

4&+2+2! 6∃;(/! &20&∋+20&∃! +! &63(/4∃20&∃,! #+∃! 3(/! #∗!

#&82&=&0∃20&∃!∃Γ&(−78&0∃!(!&24/∆2#+0∃!(!+0(276&0∃!(!3(/! −∃!

)∗+!−+!∋+6(#!−(#!#∗≅+4(#!∋+!∋+/+01(Α!)∗+!1∃0+,!+20∗+24/∃,!

3/+0∃6+24+,!+2!+−!2+8(0&(!(!∃04(,!+−!6+∋&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!3∃/∃!

=&−4/∃/! −(#! 0(63(/4∃6&+24(#! (! 0(2∋∗04∃#! ?0(2≅∗24(! ∋+!

∃00&(2+#Α!(!∃04(#!(!1+01(#!∋+−!#+/!1∗6∃2(!)∗+,!/+5&+2∋(!

!Β−2,5χ!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)!Τ∴Υ.1+)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!λφ!Ζ!,,Φ!

7Ε!

&63(/4∃20&∃!(! /+−+5∃20&∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃,! 6+/+0+2!#+/! 3/+5(#!

0(6(!∃04(#!(!2+8(0&(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#Λ!;,!+2!+−!0∃#(!∋+!−(#!≅∗+0+#,!

∋+! &8∗∃−! =(/6∃,! 0∗+24∃2! 0(2! ∗2! 6+0∃2(,! #7−(! )∗+! ∃!

+−−(#! −+#! #&/5+! 0(6(! 1+//∃6&+24∃! ∋+! 0∗∃−&=&0∃0&72! (!

&∋+24&=&0∃0&72!∋+!∃04(#!(!0(2∋∗04∃#!)∗+!0(2#4&4∗;+!∃04(#!(!

2+8(0&(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#,!∋+!0∃/∃!∃!−(#!#∗3∗+#4(#!∋+!−∃#!2(/6∃#!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃#!;!−(#!1+01(#!0(20/+4(#Β!!

!!!Ζ&2! 3+/≅∗&0&(! ∋+! −(! ∃2(4∃∋(,! (! #+∃,! )∗+,! ∋&01(! 6+∋&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!4&+2+!−∃!∗4&−&∋∃∋!∋+!3+/6&4&/!−∃!&∋+24&=&0∃0&72!?=&−4/(!

(!#+−+00&72Α!∋+! ∃)∗+−−∃#! 0(2∋∗04∃#! (! ∃04(#! (! 1+01(#!)∗+!

,−)3/∀ 1/.∗! 6+/+0+2! #+/! 4(6∃∋(#! 0(6(! ∃04(#! (! 2+8(0&(#!

≅∗/∆∋&0(#Λ! 2(! (%#4∃24+,! ;! ;∃! +2! #+8∗2∋(! 6(6+24(,! +−!

−+8−∃∋(/!1∃!5(!3(/!0(25+2&+24+!+#4∃%−+0+/!∃00+#(/&(#!∃!

4∃−! 6+∋&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! Ε3∃/∃! )∗+! −(#! 6(#! ∃∋)∗&+/∃2!

5∃−&∋∃0&72! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! +#4∃%−+! 0(2=(/6+! ∃! ∋+/+01(! ?+2!

∃4+20&72! ∃! −∃! #+8∗/&∋∃∋! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! )∗+! &63(/4∃! ∗2!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(ΑΕ!)∗+!#&/5∃2!3∃/∃!#∗!&2#+/0&72!0(6(!

4∃−+#! 5:−&∋∃6+24+Λ! +/8(,! 5(−5&+2∋(! #(%/+! +−! 3∗24(,! +#+!

6+∋&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∋+!#+−+00&72!∋+!0(2∋∗04∃#!(!∃04(#!(!1+01(#,!

+#,! ≅∗#4∃6+24+,! +−! +24+2∋&6&+24(! )∗+! #+! 4&+2+! ∋+! ∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! (! ∋+! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! 3∃/∃! &2∋&0∃/! )∗+! #+!

/+0(2(0+2!0(6(! +#4(#!>−4&6(#!∃!−(#! 3/&6+/(#! ;!)∗+!4∃−+#!

∃00+#(/&(#! ∋+−! 6(! 0(2#4&4∗;+2! −(#! ∋+2(6&2∃∋(#!

/+)∗&4(#! ∋+! 5∃−&∋+

1∃%−∃/!∋+!−(#!0(20+34(#!∋+!+Γ+20&∃! ∋+−! ∃04(! (! 2+8(0&(!

73!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,!;!∃−!0(20+34(!∋+!∃04(!(!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!+Γ+24+!

Ο5:−&∋(ΠΒ!!

!!Φ(/!4∃−!/∃<72,!/+5+6(#,!∋+!6∃2+/∃! #(6+/∃,!076(! +#!−∃!

5&∋∃! ;! ∋+#∃//(−−(! ∋+−! ∃04(! (! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,!

+5&∋+24+6+24+!∋+#∋+! #∗! ∃#3+04(!2+8∃4&5(Β!ϑ(/(−∃/&(,!∋+−!

(/∋+2! ∋+! &∋+∃#! +Γ3/+#∃∋∃#,! +#! )∗+,! 0∃%+! 1∃%−∃/! ∋+−!

0(20+34(! ∋+! −∃! +Γ+20&∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,!

0(2=(/6+! ∃! −∃! 3/+0&72! )∗+! 1+6(#! 1+01(,! ;! )∗+,! ∃! −∃!

∃∗#+20&∃! ∋+−! 6(,! #+! ∋∃! ∗! (%#+/5∃! +−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! −∃!

&2+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!

!!!∀2! −∃#! −∆2+∃#! #&8∗&+24+#,! 4(0∃/+6(#! ∋(#! 4+6∃#! )∗+,!

∃−8∗2(#! +#4∗∋&(#(#! ∋+−! ∋+/+01(! (! ≅∗/∃#,! +2! =(/6∃!

0(2≅∗24∃,! 4(0∃2! %∃≅(! ∗2! 6(! 4+6∃! )∗+! ∋+2(6&2∃2!

∃−8∗2∃#! 5+0+#! 0(6(! Ο&2+=&0∃0&∃! ∋+! −(#! ∃04(#! (! 2+8(0&(#!

≅∗/∆∋&0(#Π,! ∋(2∋+,! ∃! #∗! 5+

+#4/∗04∗/∃−!+!&2+=&0∃0&∃!=∗20&(2∃−Λ!(4/∃#!5+0+#,!0(2!+−!4+6∃!

∋+!Ο2∗−&∋∃∋!∋+!−(#!∃04(#!(!2+8(0&(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#Π,! ∋+24/(!∋+!

−(#! 0∗∃−+#! +#4∗∋&∃2! −(#! 4+6∃#! ∋+! &25∃−&∋+

ϑ(6(!=∗+/+,! −(!0&+/4(!+#! )∗+!∃!4/∃59#!∋+−! 4/∃4∃6&+24(!∋+−!

4+6∃! #+! ∋+#∃//(−−∃! ∋(#! 6(6+24(#! 3(/! −(#! 0∗∃−+#!

&2+Γ(/∃%−+6+24+!∃4/∃5&+#∃!+−!∃04(!(!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(β!+−!∋+!

#∗!=(/6∃0&72!(!0(2#4&4∗0&72,!;!+−!∋+!−∃!3/(∋∗00&72!∋+!#∗#!

+=+04(#Β!Χ−!/+#3+04(!1∃;!0(2#+2#(,!∃−!6+2(#!+2!−∃!/+∋∗0&∋∃!

Ε3+/(! #+/&∃! ;! 4902&0∃Ε! %&%−&(8/∃=∆∃! )∗+! 1+6(#! 3(∋&∋(!

76!

/+5∃/,!+2!∃%(/∋∃/! +#4∃#! ∋(#! +4∃3∃#! (! =∃#+#! ∋+!−(#!∃04(#!

?2+8(0&(#Α! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#,! )∗+! #+! 0(//+#3(2∋+2! ∃−! 4+6∃! ∋+! −∃!

&25∃−&∋++2!#+24&∋(!+#4/&04(Β!Χ#∆,!#+!∋&0+!)∗+,!

+2!+−!+24+2∋+/!∋+!−∃!∋(04/&2∃!6:#!0(1+/+24+!;!∃5∃2

∋+%+! ∋&28∗&/! +24/+! &2+=&0∃0&∃#! +#4/∗04∗/∃−+#! ;!

=∗20&(2∃−+#,!∃4+2∋&+2∋(! 3/&6(/∋&∃−6+24+! ∃−! (/&8+2! ∋+!−∃!

=∃−4∃!∋+!/+0(2#+0∗0&72!∋+!−(#!+=+04(#!2+8(0&∃−+#

∀∗

Β!

ΟΗ∗!8Φ,<.>

!!!Κ∃!&25∃−&∋+∗2!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!6∃−!0(2=(/6∃∋(!(!

+#4/∗04∗/∃∋(!∋+=+04∗(#∃6+24+,!∋+#∋+!+−!6(6+24(!6(!

∋+!#∗!2∃0&6&+24(

∀!

Β!Κ(!+Γ3/+#∃∋(,!+5&∋+24+6+24+,!−−∃6∃!∃!

4(0∃/! +−! 4+6∃! ∋+! −∃! &25∃−&∋+

+#4/∗04∗/∃!∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!3∗+#,!9#4+!>−4&6(!#&!%&+2,!0(6(!

0(20+34(!∃63−&(!;!8+2+/∃−,!+#!∗2∃!∃%#4/∃00&72!≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!2(!

3(/! +−−(! ∋+≅∃! ∋+! /+)∗+/&/! ∋+! ∗2∃! +#4/∗04∗/∃! ?−∃! 0∗∃−! 3(/!

#+/−∃,! /+)∗&+/+! 4∃6%&92! ∋+! 0(63(2+24+#Α! )∗+! +#!

0(2#&∋+/∃∋∃!+2!%∃#+!∃!+−+6+24+#,!−(#!0∗∃−+#!#+!∋&28∗+2!

∀∗

!Ρ?∃?Α3%&!∋?ΤΕπΗ#()!#8χ!Α+47].8/∴4!2!12!Ε5+<=2!951!Η5:+8/+!

∗.<=9/8+)!∗.<=,72!#9/7+<5,!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚϑ)!∆Φ!ΜΟλΦ!

∀!

!Ε?ϕ%?∀?!ΑθΤ∀%Β?)!∃/ο2<9+χ!!∀#∃%&%∋ %(#∋ )∗+,∋ −∀./%∃∗,0∋ 12∋ (%30∋

4%∃+,.&∋−∀./%∃∗,∋567−849∋43736383)!8∃:&0∋1;;10∋∆Φ!φλΦ!

7∆!

+2!4/+#!7/∋+2+#β! +#+20&∃−+#! ?+##+24&∃−∃! 2+8(4&&Α,! 2∃4∗/∃−+#!

?2∃4∗/∃−&∃!2+8(4&&Α!;!∃00&∋+24∃−+#!?∃00&∋+24∃−&∃!2+8(4&&Α

∀∀

Β!!

!!!.+#∋+! −∃! ∋(86:4&0∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! ∋+! −∃! 4+(/∆∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,!+−!4+6∃!∋+!−∃!&25∃−&∋+&63(/4∃!+−!∋+=+04(!

+2! −∃! +#4/∗04∗/∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! #&+2∋(! 3(/! +−−(!

2+0+#∃/&(!+#0−∃/+0+/! )∗9! #+!∋+%+!+24+2∋+/!3(/! +#4/∗04∗/∃!

∋+24/(!∋+! +#4∃! 4+(/∆∃Β! Χ#∆,! #+!∃=&/6∃!)∗+!#+!+24&+2∋+! 3(/!

+#4/∗04∗/∃! ∃−8>2! 0(2≅∗24(! (! 8/∗3(! ∋+! +−+6+24(#!

/+−∃0&(2∃∋(#!+24/+!#∆!#+8>2!0&+/4∃#!/+8−∃#,!(!∃−8>2!0(2≅∗24(!

(! 8/∗3(! ∋+! +−+6+24(#! =∗20&(2∃−6+24+! 0(//+−∃0&(2∃∋(#Β!

∴+44&!5&20∗−7!+−!49/6&2(!+#4/∗04∗/∃!∃!−∃!2(0&72!∋+−!2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(β! −∃! =(/6∃! ?∋+0−∃/∃0&72! ;! 0(63(/4∃6&+24(Α! ;! +−!

0(24+2&∋(!?#∗3∗+#4(!∋+!1+01(!)∗+!0(24&+2+!+−!3/+0+34(!∋+!

∀∀

!∃+,!515Υ547+,!5,548/215,!,+4!1+,!8+Υ∆+45475,!/Υ∆<5,8/49/]15,!ς.5!

15!924!82 287+!;.<=9/8+ρ)!1+,!515Υ547+,!427.<215,!

,+4! 1+,! ς.5! 5,7Ω4! =4,/7+,! 54! 12! 427.<215ο2! 95! .4! 287+! 8+48<57+! Ζ!

9575 Υ245<2!721!ς.5! 51! ∀5<58[+!%];57/α+! ,5! 1+,!27].Ζ5!

2.4! 8.249+! 12,! ∆2<75,! 4+! 1+,! [2Ζ24! 27]./9+ρ)! 1+,! 515Υ547+,!

288/9547215,! ,+4! /48+

5;5<8/8/+!95!,.!2.7+4+Υ=2)!∆5ς.5!4+!,5!95,α/<75!12!5,548/2!

+!427.<215ο2! 951! 287+!Ζ!4+! 56/,72! ∆95!12! 15Ζ! Ζ!ς.5! ,/549+!

2;54+,!21!287+!∆+<5ς./5<54!∆2<2!12!56/,7548/2!4/!α21/95ο!

951!287+)!4+!Σ+12!5,7<.87. class="_ _0">287+Φ!Β3∀?∃!

Τ?∋3Τ#()!ε5<4249+Φ!#1!287+!;.<=9/8+)!β28572!∗.<=9/82!#9/7+<5,)!∃/Υ2)!

ΜΝΝΛ)! ∆Φ! Λφ! Ζ! ,,Ξ! 54! 51! Υ/,Υ+! ,547/9+)! 2.4ς.5! 8+4,/95<249+! 2! 1+,!

515Υ547+,!427.<215,!8+Υ+! 5Σ587+,!+! 8+4,58.548/2,!951!287+χ!Ε%ΤΤ#&!

Βγ&ηι#()!?4=]21)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΝΝ!Ζ!,,Φ!

5Κ!

∃∗4(2(6∆∃!3/&5∃∋∃Α! 0(2=&8∗/∃2!−∃!+#4/∗04∗/∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Β! ϑ1+001&2&! /+−∃0&(2∃! &24+/+#+#! (%≅+4&5∃∋(#! +2! −∃!

(3+/∃0&72! 2+8(0&∃−! ;! +#4/∗04∗/∃! ∋+−! /+8−∃6+24(!

?6+0∃2(! ∋+! /+8−∃#! 2+8(0&∃−+#ΑΒ! ν/(#&2&! +#4∗∋&∃! +−!

3/(%−+6∃! ∋+! −∃! &24+/3/+4∃0&72! ∋+! −∃! 4(4∃−&∋∃∋! ;! ∋+! −(#!

+−+6+24(#!3∃/4&0∗−∃/+#!∋+!−∃!0(63−+≅&∋∃∋!∋+−!0(24/∃4(!(!∋+!

0∗∃−)∗&+/! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +2! 8+2+/∃−β! +#4∃! 0(63−+≅&∋∃∋,!

)∗+!(/&8&2∃!+#+!δ0∆/0∗−(!1+/6+29∗4&0(δ!+24/+!−∃#!3∃/4+#!;!+−!

4(∋(,! /+#∗−4∃β! ∃Α! ∋+! −∃! =(/6∃! ∃∋(34∃∋∃,! ;∃! #+∃! −&%/+! ∗!

(%−&8∃4(/&∃,!∋+−!0(24/∃4(Λ!%Α!∋+! −∃#!3∃−∃%/∃#!+63−+∃∋∃#Λ!0Α!

∋+−! 0(63(/4∃6&+24(! ∋+! −∃#! 3∃/4+#Λ! ∋Α! ∋+! −∃! &24+20&72!

(/&8&2∃−! ∋+! ∋&01∃#! 3∃/4+#Λ! +Α! ∋+−! ∃0∗+/∋(! (! 0(24/(5+/#&∃!

#(%/+!−∃!+≅+0∗0&72!∋+−!0(24/∃4(Λ!=Α!∋+!−∃!0∃∗#∃,!−∆0&4∃!(!&−∆0&4∃!

∋+−!0(24/∃4(!;!8Α!∋+−!(%≅+4(!∋+−!0(24/∃4(Β!ο,!#&2!+6%∃/8(,!+−!

0(2≅∗24(!∋+!+#4(#!+−+6+24(#,!#&!#+!6&/∃!∃!0∃∋∃!∗2(!∋+!+−−(#!

+2! #∆! 6(,! 2(! +#! ∃>2! #∗=&0&+24+! 3∃/∃! 0(2=&8∗/∃/! ∗2!

0(24/∃4(Β! ∀#4+! 0(2#+! +2! ∃)∗+−−∃! ∗2&∋∃∋,! 4(4∃−&∋∃∋! ;!

=∗20&(2∃−&∋∃∋! )∗+! −+! #(2! 3/(3&∃#Λ! +2! +−! +2−∃0+! ∋+!

3+2#∃6&+24(#,! 5(−∗24∃∋+#,! ∃00&(2+#! ;! 1+01(#,! ∗2&∋(#!

+24/+!#∆!+2!∗2!5∆20∗−(!)∗+!0(63/(6+4+!(!∋+≅∃!+2!−&%+/4∃∋Β!

π+4+ΕΧ−(2#(! ;! ϑ∃−+/∃! ∋+=&2+! ∃! −∃! +#4/∗04∗/∃! 0(6(! −∃!

0(63(#&0&72!&24+/2∃!?+−+6+24(#!;!/+)∗&4(#!+2!=∗20&72!∋+!

−(#! 0∗∃−+#,! +−! (/∋+2∃6&+24(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#4∃%−+0+! ∗2∃!

∋+4+/6&2∃∋∃!/+8∗−∃0&72!≅∗/∆∋&0∃Α!∋+−!0(24/∃4(

∀#

Β!

∀#

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)! Τ∴Υ.1+χ!#,7.9/+,! ,+]<5!Ε5+<=2!β545<21!951!

Η5:+8/+!∗.<=9/8+)!ΜΙ! 59Φ)!?Τ?! #9/7+<5,!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!∃/Υ2)! ϑΚΚϑ)!∆Φ! ϑΠΜ!Ζ!

54!

!!!∀2! #∗6∃,! +24(20+#,! −∃! &2+=&0∃0&∃! +#4/∗04∗/∃−! +#! ∃)∗+−−∃!

)∗+!#+!3/+#+24∃!∃−! 6(6+24(!6(!∋+!−∃!0+−+%/∃0&72!∋+−!

2+8(0&(!(!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!+#!∋+0&/,! #+!4/∃4∃!∋+!∗2!2+8(0&(!(!

∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∃=+04∃∋(!3(/!∗2∃!0∃∗#∃−!∋+!&2+=&0∃0&∃!∋+#∋+!+−!

6(6+24(! 6(! ∋+! #∗! 0+−+%/∃0&72! (! =(/6∃0&72

∀∃

Β! Φ(/!

&2+=&0∃0&∃! +#4/∗04∗/∃−! ?4∃6%&92! −−∃6∃∋(! &25∃−&∋+

&2+=&0∃0&∃!(/&8&2∃/&∃!(!3(/!0∃∗#∃!&24/∆2#+0∃Α!+24+2∋+6(#!−∃!

0∃/+20&∃!∋+!+=+04(#! +2! ∗2! 2+8(0&(! 3/(∋∗0&∋∃! 3(/! 1+01(#!

&21+/+24+#!∃!#∗!+#4/∗04∗/∃Β!∀−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(,!∃−!=∃−4∃/!∃−8>2!

/+)∗&4(,! +−+6+24(! (! 3/+#∗3∗+#4(! 2+0+#∃/&(! 3∃/∃! −∃!

+=&0∃0&∃!∋+−!2+8(0&(,!−(!#∃20&(2∃!0(2!−∃!∃∗#+20&∃!∋+!+=+04(#!

(! −∃! 3(#&%&−&∋∃∋! ∋+! )∗+! ∋&01∃! ∃∗#+20&∃! #+! 3/(∋∗<0∃Β! Ζ+!

0∃/∃04+/&&2+=&0∃0&∃!3(/!#+/!(/&8&2∃/&∃,!+#!

∋+0&/,!3(/! −∃! /+=+/+20&∃! +Γ0−∗#&5∃!∃−! 6(6+24(! +2! )∗+!#+!

/+∃−&+−! 2+8(0&(,! 3(/! −(!)∗+,!#∗! 5+/&=&0∃0&72! ∋+%+/:! ∋+!

3/(∋∗0&/#+!≅∗#4∃6+24+!+2!−∃!0(2=/(24∃0&72!∋+!−∃!+#4/∗04∗/∃!

2+8(0&∃−

∀%

Β!.&01(! ∋+! (4/(! 6(∋(,! #+/:! &25∃−&∋(!0∗∃2∋(!+−!

∃04(! ∋+! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃! ?2+8(0&(Α,! 0(2#&∋+/∃∋(! +2! 0(20/+4(,!

,,ΦΞ!95!/:.21!Σ+54!σσ3456/,7548/2!Ζ!4.1/929!2421/ο292,!95,95!51!

∆.47+!95!α/,72!95!1+,!95<58[+,!/721/24+)!5,∆2≅+1!Ζ!∆5<.24>

Ηι∃Φ! #,7.9/+,! ,+]<5! /4α21/95ο! 5! /45Σ/828/2)! Η.1/929! 95! 1+,! 287+,!

;.<=9/8+,Φ!%]754/9+! 95χ![77∆χυυϖϖϖΦ8+Σ/:+δ

8/α/1Φ/4Σ+υ4.1//929υ1+951υ1+951υ9+8.Υ547Φ∆[∆ω/9ξϑΝΦ!ϑΚΚλΦ!

∀∃

!Ε?ϕ%?∀?!ΑθΤ∀%Β?)!∃/ο2<9+)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!φΚΦ!

∀%

!Ρ?∃?Α3%&! ∋?ΤΕπΗ#()! #8Φ(∃2! 8+4α5

45:+8/+!;.<=9/8+Φ!ΜΙ!59Φ)!?Τ?!#9/7+<5,!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚϑ)!∆Φ!ΜΟΟΦ!

57!

3/+#+24∃!∗2∃!(!5∃/&∃#!∃2(6∃−∆∃#! 0(2! /+#3+04(! ∃−! 6(∋+−(!

−+8∃−,!∋+!6(∋(! ∋+! 3/(5(0∃/! ∗2∃! 5∃−(/∃0&72! ?0∃−&=&0∃0&72,!

#∗%#∗20&72!∃!3(#4+/&(/&,!5+/&=&0∃0&72Α!2+8∃4&5∃!∋+!3∃/4+!∋+−!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(

∀&

Β!

!!!Χ1(/∃!%&+2,!∋+24/(!∋+!−∃!&25∃−&∋+∃!#∗!5+∃!

−∃#! 0∃4+8(/∆∃#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#! ∋+! −∃! ∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋! ;! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋Β!

Ν(#!+20(24/∃6(#!∃24+!∗2!#∗3∗+#4(!∋+!2∗−&∋∃∋!0∗∃2∋(!+−!

2+8(0&(! #+! =(/6∃! 0(24/∃5&2&+2∋(! 2(/6∃#! &63+/∃4&5∃#! (!

3/+#+24∃!∗2∃!∋+=+04∗(#&∋∃∋!+2!+−!#∗3∗+#4(! ∋+!1+01(Λ! ∃#∆,!

−∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋! 0(2#4&4∗;+! −∃! /+∃00&72! 6:#! +=&0&+24+! ;!

#∃4=∃04(/&∃! 0(24/∃! −(#! 2+8(0&(#! )∗+! 0(24/∃5&+2+2! −∃#!

∋&/+04/&0+#!∋+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(Β!.+24/(!∋+!−(#!#∗3∗+#4(#!∋+!

2∗−&∋∃∋!4+2+6(#!−∃#!∋+2(6&2∃∋∃#!2∗−&∋∃∋+#!4+Γ4∗∃−+#!;!

5&/4∗∃−+#Β! Κ∃#! 3/&6+/∃#! #+! 1∃−−∃2! 0∃/∃04+/&

−&4+/∃−&∋∃∋!∋+!−∃!2(/6∃!)∗+!−∃#!1∃!3/+5(Λ!6&+24/∃#!)∗+!

−∃#! #+8∗2∋∃#! #+! 0(2#&∋+/∃2! #(%/++24+2∋&∋∃#! 3(/! −∃!

0(24/∃5+20&72! ∋+! ∃−8∗2∃! 2(/6∃! &63+/∃4&5∃! )∗+! 2(!

2+0+#&4∃! −∃! 3/+5+20&72! +#3+0∆=&0∃! ∋+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋

∀∋

Β! Ζ+!

5+/&=&0∃! +#4∃! 0∗∃2∋(! +−! 2+8(0&(,! )∗+! 1∃! 3/(∋∗0&∋(! #∗#!

+=+04(#! ∋+#∋+! +−! 3/&20&3&(,! 3∗+∋+! 3(#4+/&(/6+24+! #+/!

∀&

!ϕ3β∃3?((3! β#Τ3)! ∃/42)! ϕΤ#ΑΑ3?)! Ψ.Υ]5<7+)!ϕι&Η#∃∃3)!

ε<2485,8+!Ζ!Η?Ε%∃3)! ι:+χ!∀5<58[+!Α/α/1!δ!Ψ58[+,!Ζ! 287+,!;.<=9/8+,)!

7<29.88/∴4!95!ε5<4249+!Ψ/45,7!59Φ)!ι4/α5

Α+1+Υ]/2)!ϕ+:+7Ω)!ΜΝΝϑ)!ΕΦ!3)!Β+1Φ!ϑ)!∆Φ!ΜΚϑΟΦ!

∀∋

!Ρ?∃?Α3%&!∋?ΤΕπΗ#()!#8)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΜΟΘΦ!

55!

∋+0−∃/∃∋(! &25:−&∋(! ?2∗−(Α! ∃! 0(2#+0∗+20&∃! ∋+! −∃!

&63∗82∃0&72!3/(3∗+#4∃!3(/!+−!#∗≅+4(!−+8&4&6∃∋(!3∃/∃!+−−(Β!

∀#4(!2(#!/+=−+≅∃!+−!0∃/:04+/!&20(63−+4(!∋+! −∃!∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋!

0(6(! =(/6∃! ∋+! &2+=&0∃0&∃! +#4/∗04∗/∃−,! )∗+,! &20−∗#(,! #+!

/+5+−∃! +2! −∃! +Γ+20&∃! ∋+! ∗2! #+6∃! 4∃Γ∃4&5(! ∋+!

∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋+#,! 2(! 0∃%&+2∋(,! 0(6(! +2! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋,! −∃!

3(#&%&−&∋∃∋! ∋+! #(%/++24+2∋+/−∃Λ! ∃)∗∆! −(#! 0∃#(#! ∋+! −∃!

∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋!∋+%+2! #+/!#∃20&(2∃∋(#!+Γ3/+#∃6+24+! 3(/!+−!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(Β!∀#!∋+!/+#∃−4∃/!4∃6%&92!)∗+!−∃!∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋!

+#! +−! 6(∋(! ∋+! #∃20&(2∃/! 0&+/4∃#! ∃2(6∃−∆∃#! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!

#(%/+!+−!∃#3+04(!#∗%≅+4&5(!?3&92#+#+!+2!+−!+//(/ΑΒ!∀−!#+24&∋(!

3/:04&0(! ∋+! −∃! ∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋! +#4∃/∆∃! +2! −∃! 2+0+#&∋∃∋!

∃∋5+/4&∋∃!∋+!#+ε∃−∃/!∗2!4&3(!∋+!&25∃−&∋+6+2(#!8/∃5+!)∗+!

#7−(!#+!∃3−&0∃/∆∃!+2!−∃#!0(2∋&0&(2+#!4∃Γ∃4&5∃#!)∗+! &63(2+!

+−!−+8−∃∋(/

∀(

Β!

ΘΗ∗!83−.:,:.,∗

!!!Φ∃/4&6(#!∋+!−∃!3/+6∃!∋+!)∗+! +−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!+#!+=&0∃

0∗∃2∋(!3/(∋∗0+!−(#!+=+04(#!)∗+!−+#!#(2!3/(3&(#,!−(#!0∗∃−+#!

#(2!0(2#+24+#!+2!−∃!0/+∃0&72,!/+8∗−∃0&72,!6(∋&=&0∃0&72!(!

+Γ4&20&72! ∋+! /+−∃0&(2+#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#,! +#! ∋+0&/,! ∋+/+01(#! ;!

∋+%+/+#

∀)

,! ;,! ∃! 0(24/∃/&(! #+2#∗,! #&! +−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 2(!

3/(∋∗0+!#∗#!+=+04(#!2(/6∃−+#!?4(∋(#!(!∃−8∗2(#!∋+!+−−(#Α!+#!

∀(

!π95ΥΦ!

∀)

!Ε%ΤΤ#&!Βγ&ηι#()!?4=]21)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΟλΘΦ!

5Χ!

0∃−&=&0∃∋(!∋+!&2+=&0∃Φ(/!&2+=&0∃0&∃!?+2!#+24&∋(!+#4/&04(!(!

=∗20&(2∃−Α! #+! 0(63/+2∋+! −∃! ∋+0∃∋+20&∃! ∋+! −(#! +=+04(#!

2+8(0&∃−+#! 3(/! 1+01(#! +Γ4/∃ε(#! ∃! −∃! +#4/∗04∗/∃,! 3(/!

0(2#&8∗&+24+,! #∗#! /+#3+04&5(#! #∗3∗+#4(#! 4&+2+2! 0(6(!

0∃/∃04+/∆#4&0∃! +−! #+/! #(%/+5&2&+24+#,! ∃−! 4&+63(! )∗+,!

3/(5(0∃2!−∃!∃∗#+20&∃!∋+!−(#!+=+04(#!=&2∃−+#!∋+−!2+8(0&(Β!Κ∃!

=&8∗/∃! ∋+! −∃! &2+=&0∃0&∃! =∗20&(2∃−! #+! ∋+−&2+∃! ∋+! 6∃2+/∃!

∃∗472(6∃,!4+2&+2∋(!#∗!=∗2∋∃6+24(!+2!∗2!+=+04(!=∗20&(2∃−!

)∗+!%&+2! 3∗+∋+! 3/(5+2&/! ∋+!−∃!6∃!∋(#&0&72! ∋+! −∃#!

3∃/4+#!(!∋+−!∋+#∃//(−−(!∋+−!#∗3∗+#4(!∋+!1+01(

#∗

Β!!

ΡΗ∗∀0<.>

!!.+%+6(#!3/+0∃/!)∗+!∃−!4/∃4∃/!3(/!#+3∃/∃∋(!+#4+!4+6∃!2(!

#+!3/+4+2∋+,!+2!∃%#(−∗4(,!2+8∃/!#∗!2∃4∗/∃−+

∋+!&25∃−&∋++−−(!(%+∋+0+!∃!)∗+,!3/+0∃6+24+,!+#!

0(2! 9#4∃! >−4&6∃! 0∃4+8(/∆∃! 0(2! −∃! 0∗∃−! #+! 0(2=∗2∋+! ∃! −∃!

&2+Γ+20&∃,! ∃−! 3∗24(! ∋+! #+/! ∃%#(/%&∋∃! 3(/! ∃)∗+−−∃Β! Φ(/!

+−−(,!6+/+0+!∗2∃!/+5&72!∃3∃/4+!∋+#∋+!−∃!∋(04/&2∃!/+#3+04(!

∋+!−(!)∗+!/+∃−6+24+!#+!∋+%+!+24+2∋+/!3(/!2∗−&∋∃∋Β!

!!!∀−!49/6&2(!2∗−&∋∃∋,!3/(5&+2+! ∋+!−∃!3∃−∃%/∃!Ο2∗−(Π,!)∗+!

3(/! +4&6(−(8∆∃! 3/(5&+2+! ∋+! Ο+(22(&Π,! −∃! 0∗∃−,! ∃! #∗! 5+

∋+/&5∃!∋+!∋(#!5(0+#β!Ο+∗Π,!)∗+!#&82&=&0∃!ιι2(ϕϕ!;! Ο(22(&Π,!

)∗+!#&82&=&0∃!ιι∃−8∗2(ϕϕ,!∋+!4∃−!6∃2+/∃!)∗+!3(/!2∗−(!∋+%∃!

#∗

!Ρ?∃?Α3%&!∋?ΤΕπΗ#()!#8Φ!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΜΟΝΦ!

5Β!

+24+2∋+/#+!Ο−(!=∃−4(!∋+!5∃−(/!;!=∗+/

3(/! #+/! 0(24/∃/&(! ∃! −∃#! −+;+#,! (! 3(/! 0∃/+0+/! ∋+! −∃#!

#(−+62&∋∃∋+#! )∗+! #+! /+)∗&+/+2! +2! −∃! #∗#4∃20&∃! (! +2! +−!

6(∋(Π

Β!

!!!Ν(! +2! 3(0∃#! 5+0+#,! +2! −∃! ∋(04/&2∃! #+! +#%(

#&8∗&+24+#! ∃=&/6∃0&(2+#! #(%/+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋

#∀

Β! ∀−! 2+8(0&(!

?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(!2∗−(,!)∗+!=/+0∗+24+6+24+,!∃∗2)∗+!2(!0(2!

6∗01∃! +Γ∃04&4∗∋! #+! +)∗&3∃/∃! ∃−! )∗+! 2∃0+! 6∗+/4(,! 2(!

3/(∋∗0+! +=+04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#! +2! 2&28>2! 4&+63(Λ! 3(/! +#(! #+!

∋&0+!)∗+!−(#!∃04(#!2∗−(#!0∃/+0+2!∋+!+=+04(#!∋(∃%∀+(22(3∀∗∀

+(22(3∀,−∃%(.)#∀∗11∗.#(3,!;!#+!−+#!∋+2(6&2∃!4∃6%&92!∃04(#!

0(2! 2∗−&∋∃∋! /∃∋&0∃−! (! 2∗−&∋∃∋! ∃%#(−∗4∃Β! ∀2! 8+2+/∃−! ∃! −∃!

2∗−&∋∃∋! #+∃! ∃%#(−∗4∃! (! /+−∃4&5∃! ?∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋Α,! #+! −+!

+24&+2∋+!0(6(! ∗2∃! #∃20&72! ∋+! &25∃−&∋+ 3/+#0/&4∃!3(/!−∃!

−+;!3(/! ∃∋(−+0+/! +−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! ∋+!=∃−4∃!∋+!∗2!+−+6+24(!

#∗#4∃20&∃−! (! 3(/! −∃! +Γ+20&∃! ∋+! 5&0&(#! (! ∋+=+04(#! +2! +−!

6(6+24(!∋+!#∗!0+−+%/∃0&72Β!∀#4(!#&82&=&0∃!)∗+!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!

#7−(! #+! 3/(∋∗0+! 3(/! ∗2∃! 0∃∗#∃! (/&8&2∃/&∃,! 0(2892&4∃,!

(/8:2&0∃Β!ϑ(2#∗#4∃20&∃−! ∃−! ∃04(,! 0(6(! +#!−∃!5&(−∃0&72! ∋+!

∗2∃!2(/6∃!&63+/∃4&5∃,!−∃!=∃−4∃!∋+!∗2!/+)∗&4(!∋+!5∃−&∋+

!Α?∋ι&&%)!∗+<:5 class="ls42">!Η.1/9295,! Ρ3Φ?ΦΤΦ)!ϕ.54+,!?/<5,)!

ΜΝΛφ)!∆Φ!ΝΦ!

#∀

!Α%Β3#∃∃%)!Η/8+1Ω,χ!∀+8742! :545<21!951! 95<58[+!8/α/1)!7<29.8/9+!

∆+∗Φ!Ε542)!ι4/∴4!Ε/∆+:#9/7+21!Ψ/,∆24+δ?Υ58242!

⊥ιΕ#Ψ?_)!∋−6/8+)!ΜΝφΛ)!∆ΦφλΝΦ!

5Ε!

−∃!+Γ+20&∃!∋+!5&0&(#!∋+!−∃!5(−∗24∃∋Β!Κ∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!#+!∋+%+!

∃! 0∃∗#∃#! +Γ+24+#! ∃−! 6(6+24(! ∋+! −∃! 0+−+%/∃0&72,!

3+/=+00&(2∃6&+24(,! 0(20−∗#&72! (! 0(20+/4∃0&72! ∋+−! ∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,! ;! #7−(! (3+/∃! 3(/! ∋(#&0&72! +Γ3/+#∃! ∋+−!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(

Β! Ζ+! ∋+=&2+! +−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 2∗−(!

0(6(!∃)∗+−!)∗+!#+!1∃!3/+4+2∋&∋(!0+−+%/∃/!0(2!5&(−∃0&72!∗!

(6&72!∋+!∗2!3/+0+34(!∋+!(/∋+2!3>%−&0(

#∃

Β!

!!!Φ(/! #∗! 3∃/4+,! +−! ∃04(! 2∗−(,! ∋+=&2+! Μ∃%(∃∋∃! ϑ7/∋(5∃,!

0(6(!∃)∗+−!)∗+!0∃/+0+!∋+!∃−8>2!+−+6+24(,!3/+#∗3∗+#4(!(!

/+)∗&4(,! (! 0(6(! ∃)∗+−! 0∗;(! 0(24+2&∋(! +#! &−∆0&4(! 3(/!

∃4+24∃/!0(24/∃!−(#!3/&20&3&(#!∋+!(/∋+2!3>%−&0(,!−∃#!%∗+2∃#!

0(#4∗6%/+#!(!∗2∃!(!5∃/&∃#!2(/6∃#!&63+/∃4&5∃#

Β!.+!∃)∗∆!

)∗+,! 0(6(! +2#+ε∃! Ζ∃00(,! −∃! Ο2∗−&∋∃∋! &63−&0∃! −∃!

&63/(∋∗04&5&∋∃∋!∃∗4(6:4&0∃!;!8+2+/∃−!∋+!−(#!+=+04(#

Β!!

!!!∀2! #∗6∃,! 3(∋+6(#! ∃∋5+/4&/,! )∗+! −∃! 0(20+30&72!

4/∃∋&0&(2∃−!∋+−!0(20+34(!∋+!2∗−&∋∃∋!1∃!#+8∗&∋(!+−!6(!

#+24&∋(!+#4∃%−+0&∋(!3(/!−∃!+4&6(−(8∆∃!∋+−!49/6&2(,!#+8>2!#+!

1∃! +Γ3/+#∃∋(! −∆2+∃#! ∃//&%∃Β! Χ#∆,! 0∗∃2∋(! =∃−4∃2! −(#!

!Ε%ΤΤ#&!Βγ&ηι#()!?4=]21)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΟΛΜΦ!

#∃

!Β3∀?∃!Τ?∋3Τ#()!ε5<4249+)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΠΝΘΦ!

!Ε?ϕ%?∀?!ΑθΤ∀%Β?)!∃/ο2<9+χ!?87+!∗.<=9/8+)!Η5:+8/+!∗.<=9/8+!Ζ!

Α+47<27+)!ΜΙ!59Φ)!#9/7+<2!∗.<=9/82!β;15Ζ!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚϑ)!∆Φ!φΜΘΦ!

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒπ?&)!Τ∴Υ.1+χ!Ρ27+1+:=2,!Ζ!Τ5Υ59/+,!951!Α+47<27+)!

∗.,72!#9/7+<5,)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΜΜ)!∆Φ!ΜΝΜΦ!

53!

/+)∗&4(#!2+0+#∃/&(#!3∃/∃!−∃!=(/6∗−∃0&72!∋+!∗2!∃04(!5:−&∋(!

(! 0∗∃2∋(! 2(! 1∃2! #&∋(! /+#3+4∃∋∃#! −∃#! /+8−∃#! )∗+! −+#!

0(20&+/2+2,!+−!∃04(!2(!1∃!3(∋&∋(!3+/=+00&(2∃/#+β!+#!2∗−(

#∋

Β!

!!!Ν(! (%#4∃24+,! +#4∃#! 0(20+30&(2+#,! ∋+%+6(#! 6∃2&=+#4∃/!

)∗+! 1∃! +Γ&∋(! 4(∋∃! ∗2∃! 4+(/∆∃! ∋+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋,! ;! #+! 1∃!

0(20+%&∋(!∃! +#4∃!∋+!∋&24∃!=(/6∃! ∃! −∃#!)∗+!#+! 1∃! 1+01(!

/+=+/+20&∃,!0(6(!5+/+6(#!∃!0(24&2∗∃0&72Β!

!!!Κ∃! ∋(04/&2∃! 6:#! ∃∗4(/&

/+−&+5+,!3(/! ∗2! −∃∋(,!)∗+! −∃! 3/+5&72! ∋+!−∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋! ∋+−!

2+8(0&(! 0(2#4&4∗;+! +−! 6+∋&(! 3∃/∃! −∃! 4∗4+−∃! +=+04&5∃! ∋+!

&24+/+#+#! 8+2+/∃−+#! 0(2#&∋+/∃∋(#! 5∃−(/+#! =∗2∋∃6+24∃−+#!

3∃/∃!−∃!+24+/∃!(/8∃2&#&+2∋(!+#4(!

∗2∃! 0(2#+0∗+20&∃! ∋+! −(! ∃24+/&(/,! )∗+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋! 5&+2+!

3/(;+04∃∋∃!0(6(!∗2!Ο&2#4/∗6+24(!∋+!0(24/(−!2(/6∃4&5(Π!

∗4&−&

∃)∗+−−(#!&24+/+#+#!)∗+!+#492!+2! 0(24/∃#4+! 0(2! −(#! 5∃−(/+#!

=∗2∋∃6+24∃−+#!∋+−! #+6∃

Β!Ν(#! 3+/6&4+! +#4(!4+2+/!∗2∃!

5&72! 6:#! ∃63−&∃! ∋+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋,! ∋+! −∃! )∗+! −∃! +24&+2∋+!

0(6(! #&63−+! 0(24/∃5+20&72! ∃! 2(/6∃#! &63+/∃4&5∃#Β! Φ+/(!

∋+%+6(#!#+ε∃−∃/!)∗+!2(!#+!−−+8∃!∃!+#4∃%−+0+/!0(2!0−∃/&∋∃∋!

#∋

!∋?(#ι∀)!Ψ54)!∗524!Ζ!∃5∴4χ!∃588/+45,!95!95<58[+!8/α/1)!#9/8/+45,!

∗.<=9/82,!#.!ΜΝΘΛ)!Ρ2<75! &5:.492)!Β+1Φ!3)!

∆Φ!φφλΦ!

!Ρ?∃?Α3%&!∋?ΤΕπΗ#()!#8)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ϑλΠΦ!

56!

+−!0(20+34(!∋+!2∗−&∋∃∋!+2!−∃!∋(04/&2∃,!0(6(!−(!/+0(2(0+2!

+2!#∗#!∋&5+/#(#!4+Γ4(#!6∗01(#!∃∗4(/+#Β!

ΣΗ∗Τ6,5,4∗=3∗=34,119<<9∗=301;=.:9∗

!!!Χ!−∃!−∗∋+!−(!+Γ3∗+#4(,!/+#∗−4∃,!3(/!∋+6:#,!+5&∋+24+!)∗+,!

∋+#∋+! #∗! +Γ+20&∃,! +2! +−! 3/(0+#(! ∋+! =(/6∃0&72! ∋+−!

2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!#+!∋∃2!+4∃3∃#!(!6(6+24(#!3(/!−(#!

)∗+!∃)∗+−!3∃#∃,! −(#! 0∗∃−+#,! +#! ∋+! &63(/4∃20&∃! &∋+24&=&0∃/!

0(2!0−∃/&∋∃∋!3∃/∃!4+2+/!∗2!+#4∗∋&(!∃63−&(,!∆24+8/(!;,!∃!−∃!

5++#4/&04(,! +Γ∃04(! (! 0&+/4(! ∋+!4∃−!&2#4/∗6+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!

0−∃/(!+#4:!)∗+!∃!+−−(!#+!∃//&%∃,!∋+#∋+!−∃!734&0∃!∋+!∗2!+#4∗∋&(!

#+/&(! ;! 4902&0(Ε≅∗/∆∋&0(! ?(! 4+02&0(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! #&! 5∃−+! +−!

49/6&2(ΑΒ! Χ#∆,! 2(#! +20(24/∃6(#! 0(2! −(#! #&8∗&+24+#!

0(20+34(#! Ε)∗+,! >2&0∃6+24+! +2∗6+/∃6(#! +2! +#4∃! 3∃/4+,!

3(/! 0(25+2&/! ∃! 2∗+#4/(! &24+/9#! ∃0∃∋96&0(,! 3∃/∃! −∗+8(!

∗%&0∃/−(#!3(/! −∃#! +4∃3∃#! 0(//+#3(2∋&+24+#!)∗+,!+2! −∆2+∃#!

#&8∗&+24+#! ∋+#∃//(−−∃/+6(#Ε! −(#! 0∗∃−+#! ;∃! 1∃2! #&∋(!

∋+#∃//(−−∃∋(#!+2!−(#!3∗24(#! )∗+!1∃2!#&∋(!∋+∋&0∃∋(#!∃! #∗!

4/∃4∃6&+24(Β!∀#4(#!#(2! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃,! &25∃−&∋+ 2∗−&∋∃∋!

?/+0(/∋∃2∋(! #&+63/+! )∗+,! #+! 1∃0+! ∗2! +#4∗∋&(! ∃3∃/4+! ∋+!

+#4+!0(20+34(,!3(/!0∗∃24(!+#!9#4+!+−!)∗+!#+!0(2=∗2∋+!0(2!−∃!

&2+Γ+20&∃,! ;,! ∋+! 2&28∗2∃! 6∃2+/∃,! 4/∃4∃6(#! ∋+!

∋+#−&2∋∃/−(!∋+!#∗!+#4∗∋&(!∋+24/(!∋+!−∃!&25∃−&∋+

#∆!0(2#4&4∗;+!∗2!6(6+24(! 3(#4+/&(/! ∃! +#4∃! >−4&6∃,! 0(6(!

5+/+6(#Α!+!&2+=&0∃0&∃Β!

5∆!

ΣΗΓΗ∗∆1.731∗7973869∗∗

!!!∀2! 0∗∃24(! ∃−! 4+6∃! ∋+! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃,! )∗+,! 3(/!

0(24/∃3(#&0&72,! 2(#! (%−&8∃! ∃! 1∃%−∃/! ∋+! −∃! +Γ+20&∃,! +#!

6+2+#4+/! /+5∃/! +−! 0(20+34(! 6(! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Β! ο! ∃)∗∆! #+! +5&∋+20&∃! +#4∃! 3/&6+/∃! 0(20−∗#&72Β!

Χ∗2)∗+! +//72+∃6+24+! (! &2+Γ+24+6+24+,! 0(6(! ∃=&/6∃!

Κ+72

,!2∗+#4/(!ϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−!+2! +−! ∃/4∆0∗−(! ΘΥΙ! /+8∗−∃! +−!

∋+2(6&2∃∋(!Ο∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,!0∗;∃!+#+20&∃!6∃!/∃∋&0∃!+2!

−∃! 6∃2&=+#4∃0&72! ∋+! −∃! 5(−∗24∃∋Β! Ζ&! 1∃0+6(#! ∗2!

#+8∗&6&+24(! ∋+4+2&∋(! Ε0(//(%(/∃∋(! 0−∃/(! +#4:! 0(2! −∃!

∋(04/&2∃! )∗+! #+! 3/(2∗20&∃! ∃−! /+#3+04(Ε,! ∋+#∋+! +−! 4+Γ4(!

6(!∋+−!3/+0&4∃∋(!∃/4∆0∗−(!4+2+6(#!)∗+!Ο+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!

+#!−∃!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋Π,!−(! )∗+! &63(/4∃! )∗+! +−!

∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#4:! &2∋(−∗%−+6+24+! 5&20∗−∃∋∃! ∃! −∃!

6∃2&=+#4∃0&72! ∋+! −∃! 5(−∗24∃∋,! +#4(! +#,! −∃! Ο4+(/∆∃! ∋+! −∃#!

0(2#+0∗+20&∃#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Π! ∋+! −∃! 3/&6+/∃! 0(20+30&72! ∋+−!

2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! Ε2∃0&∋∃! 3(/! (%/∃! ∋+! Ζ∃5&82;Ε! 0∗;(!

=∗2∋∃6+24(! ;∃0+! 3/+0∃6+24+! +2! +−! ∋(86∃! ∋+! −∃!

!&5≅212!ς.5!4.482![2!56/,7/9+!.42!075+<=2!Σ<2485,2>!951!287+!;.<=9/8+)!

Ζ2!ς.5)!12!075+<=2! Σ<2485,2>! 951! 287+! ;.<=9/8+! 4+! 5,! +7<2! 8+,2! ς.5! 12!

+2)! ,/4! +7<2! Υ+9/Σ/828/∴4! ς.5! 12! 4+)!

∃5Ζ,,5547/9+! 95! 12! 8+9/Σ/828/∴4! 8/α/1! δ! #,7.9/+,! ,+]<5! 1+,!

Υ+951+,!;.<=9/8+,!Ζ!,.!/4Σ1.548/2!54!51!Α∴9/:+!Α/α/1!∆5<.24 class="ls0 ws44">!Ρ215,7<2)!

∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚΠ)!∆∆Φ!ΘΜδΘϑΦ!!

ΧΚ!

5(−∗24∃∋

∃∗

Λ! #&+2∋(,! 3(/! 4∃24(,! −∃! ! 6∃2&=+#4∃0&72! ∋+!

5(−∗24∃∋!−(!#∗#4∃20&∃−!3∃/∃!−∃!+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!

.+! +−−(,! #+! 0(−&8+! )∗+,! ∗2! 1+01(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! 1∗6∃2(,!

5(−∗24∃/&(,!0(2!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋,!∋+#4&2∃∋(!∃!−∃!

0(2#+0∗0&72!∋+!∗2!+=+04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!5+2∋/∆∃!∃!0(2#4&4∗&/!∗2!

∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +Γ+24+,! ;,! ∃! 0(24/∃/&(! #+2#∗,! ∃24+! −∃!

∃∗#+20&∃!∋+!+−−(!∋+5+2∋/∆∃!+2!&2+Γ+24+Β!!

!!!.+! &8∗∃−! =(/6∃,! ∃1(/∃! 0(//+#3(2∋+! /+5∃/! +−! 2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,!0∗;∃!3/&6+/∃!0(20+30&72!+#!−∃!)∗+!+#4:!/+8∗−∃∋∃!

+2! 2∗+#4/∃! ϑ7∋&8(! ϑ&5&−Β! Χ1(/∃! %&+2,! 2(! (%#4∃24+,! −∃!

+5(−∗0&72! 4+7/&0∃! 3(/! −∃! )∗+! 1∃! 3∃#∃∋(! +−! Ο2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,! #+! 0(2#&∋+/∃! )∗+! −∃#! 6:#! /+3/+#+24∃4&5∃#! ;!

0(2#(−&∋∃∋∃#,!3(/!#∗!0(2#4/∗00&72!4+7/&0∃!;!−78&0∃Ε≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!

3(/!4∃24(,! 0(1+/+24+#,!−∃#!0∗∃−+#!#(2β! −∃!4+(/∆∃!3/+0+34&5∃!

∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! ;! −∃! 4+(/∆∃! 2(/6∃4&5∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,! 3(/! −(! )∗+,! 0(25&+2+! /+0(/∋∃/,! +2! +#4+! 3∗24(,!

076(!+#! )∗+!+#4∃#!0(20+34>∃2! ∃−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β! .+#∋+!

+−! 3∗24(! ∋+! 5∃! ∋+! −∃! 4+(/∆∃! 3/+0+34&5∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(

∃!

,! −∃! +Γ+20&∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! &63(/4∃! −∃!

∃∗

!Ρ?∃?Α3%&!∋?ΤΕπΗ#()!#8Φ!Α+47].8/∴4!2!12! 75+<=2!951!45:+8/+!

;.<=9/8+)!ΜΙ!59Φ)!?Τ?!#9/7+<5,!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚϑ)!∆Φ!φΚΦ!

∃!

!Α.Ζ+!8<529+5,!#Υ/1/+!ϕ577/)!,5:./9+!∆+Τ5427+!&+:42Υ/:1/+)!547<5!

+72.7+<5,!/721/24+,!Ζ!5.

8+Υ+! ∃/ο2<9+! Ε2]+292! Α∴<9+α2)! β2,7∴4! ε5<4Ω495ο! Α<.>

Ρ2128/+,!∋2<7=45ο)!547<5!+7!

Χ4!

&∋+24&=&0∃0&72! ∋+−! 0(20+34(! ∋+! +#4+! )∗+! &63(/4∃! +−!

#∗3∗+#4(!∋+!1+01(!)∗+!0(24&+2+!+−!3/+0+34(!#(0&∃−,!∃!0∗;∃!

∃∗#+20&∃! #+! ∋∃! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃Β! Φ(/! #∗! 3∃/4+,! ∋+#∋+! −∃!

3+/#3+04&5∃!∋+! −∃!4+(/∆∃!2(/6∃4&5∃! ∋+−!2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(

∃∀

#+!+Γ3−&0∃!−∃!+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!6(,!+2!=(/6∃!+Γ4+2#&5∃,!+2!

∃4+20&72! ∃! −∃! 5∃−&∋+

3/(3&∃6+24+! 1∃%−∃/! +2! 49/6&2(#! ∋+! +Γ+20&∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!

+#4(!+#!)∗+!∃−8(!+Γ∃!+2!+−!3−∃2(!∋+−!∋+/+01(Α!)∗+!#+!∋∃!

+2!∃4+20&72!∃!/+8−∃#!∋+!/+0(2(0&6&+24(,!3∗+#,!0(6(!∃=&/6∃!

+#4∃! 4+(/∆∃,! +−! 2+8(0&(! 6(! +#! ∗2∃! 2(/6∃

∃#

! ?3(/! +−−(,!

=∗+24+! ∋+! ∋+/+01(! (%≅+4&5(Α,! 0−∃/(! +#4:,! )∗+! +−! ∋+/+01(!

(%≅+4&5(! 0/+∃∋(! 3(/! +−! 2+8(0&(! +24/∃/∆∃! +2! −∃#! +#0∃−∃!

≅+/:/)∗&0∃!∋+!−∃#!=∗+24+#!2(/6∃4&5∃#!0(6(!>−4&6(!3+−∋∃ε(Λ!

∋+!−(!)∗+!#+!&2=&+/+!)∗+,!#&+2∋(!+−!2+8(0&(!∗2∃!2(/6∃,!#+!

∋+%+!4+2+/! +2! 0∗+24∃! )∗+! 9#4+!4&+2+!∗2∃! 5∃−&∋+ =(/6∃−,!

∃24+!0∗;∃! ∃∗#+20&∃! #+! +#4∃/∆∃!+2! +−! 0∃#(! ∋+!&2+Γ+20&∃Β!

∃∀

!#1!/4,/:45!8<529+<!95!5,72! 75+<=2)!8+Υ+!9/;/Υ+,)!5,!51!2.7+ /721/24+!

∃./:/!ε5<Ξ!,/549+!ς.5)!54!4.5,7 9/8[2!8+485∆8/∴4!4+<Υ27/α2!

951! 45:+8/+! ;.<=9/8+)! 5,! ,5:./92! ∆+

Ψ5Φ!

∃#

!∃2! 56∆1/828/∴4! 95! 5,72! ∆+,/8/∴4! ,5! 548.547<2! 54! 12! 75+<=2! 95! 12!

∆1.<21/929! 95! +<9542Υ/547+,! ;.<=9/8+,)! ∆

Τ+Υ24+! Ζ! 54! 12! 2Σ/

2∆2<5475Υ5475!+∆.5,7+,)!95!Σ+∀5<58[+!,5!

924! 95! Υ245<2! /49/,8.7/]15! 54! 51! 45:+8/+! ;.<=9/8+! Ζ! ς.5! .42!

∆58.1/2929!/Υ∆+<72475!951!∀5<58[+!5,!12!95!∆+95

8<528/∴4Φ!!!!

Χ7!

∀#4∃! +#! −∃! 3/&6+/∃! +4∃3∃! (! 6(6+24(! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!

ΣΗΙΗ∗Χ3/08=9∗7973869∗

!!!Κ∗+8(!∋+! )∗+!;∃!#+! ∋∃!(!#+! &∋+24&=&0∃!−∃!+#+20&∃! 6∃!

∋+−!0(20+34(!∋+!2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!5&+2+!∗2!#+8∗2∋(!

6(6+24(! 0(2#4&4∗&∋(! 3(/! −∃! 5∃−&∋+

&63(/4∃! ∗2∃! 0∗∃−&=&0∃0&72! (! 5∃−(/∃0&72! 3(/! +−!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! ∋+−! 1+01(! )∗+! +2! 0(20/+4(! ?(!

&24+24(!3/:04&0(Α! +#!∃3(/4∃∋(!3(/! −∃#! 3∃/4+#,!+2!∗#(! ∋+!−∃!

∃∗4(2(6∆∃! ∋+! −∃! 5(−∗24∃∋! (! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃! 3/&5∃∋∃! (!

2(/6∃4&5∃! Ε#+8>2! #+∃! )∗+! #+! ∃∋(34+! −∃! 4+(/∆∃! ∋+−! ∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! (! −∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(Ε,! 3∃/∃! #+/! 0(2=/(24∃∋(!

0(2! +−! #∗3∗+#4(! ∋+! 1+01(! ?∃%#4/∃00&72! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! ∋+! −∃!

/+∃−&∋∃∋Α!)∗+!0(24&+2+!+−!3/+0+34(!#(0&∃−Λ!;!4∃−!/(−!#+!/+∃−&

4+2&+2∋(! +2! 0∗+24∃! 0&+/4∃#! +Γ&8+20&∃#! ?/+)∗&4(#! ∋+!

5∃−&∋+

∃∋6&72!5:−&∋∃! +2! +−! 3−∃2(! ∋+! −(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!∋+! 4∃−! 1+01(!

0(20/+4(!?(!&24+24(!3/:04&0(,!(!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋,!

#+8>2!1+6(#!+Γ3∗+#4(Α!0(2!−∃!0∃−&∋∃∋!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋+!2+8(0&(!

?∃04(Α! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 5:−&∋(Β! .+! +−−(! #+! 0(−&8+,! )∗+,! #&! 2(! #+!

0∗63−+2!0(2!4∃−+#!+Γ&8+20&∃#,!∃!0(24/∃/&(,!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!

)∗+! /+0&%+! 4∃−! 1+01(! 0(20/+4(! ?&24+24(! 3/:04&0(,! (!

6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!−∃!5(−∗24∃∋Α!)∗+,!#&!%&+2!#+!&∋+24&=&0∃!0(2!

+−!0(20+34(!6(!?+#+20&∃Α!∋+−!2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!2(!

Χ5!

+#! ∃∋6&%−+! 3∃/∃! #+/! 0∃−&=&0∃∋(! ∗! (%4+2+/! −∃! 0∃−&∋∃∋!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋+!2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(!5:−&∋(,!+2!0(2#+0∗+20&∃,!

#+!−+!0∃−&=&0∃! 2+8∃4&5∃6+24+!&63(2&92∋(#+−+,!6:#!%&+2,!−∃!

0∃−&∋∃∋!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋+!2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!&25:−&∋(Β!!

!!!∀24(20+#,!0∗∃2∋(!+−!2+8(0&(!2(!/+>2+!−∃#!+Γ&8+20&∃#!∃!−∃#!

)∗+!1+6(#! 1+01(! 6+20&72,! #+!#∃20&(2∃!0(2!&25∃−&∋+ −∃!

0∗∃−!#+!+#3+0&=&0∃,!3∗∋&92∋(#+!&25∃−&∋∃/!∃−!2+8(0&(!0(2!−∃!

2∗−&∋∃∋!(!∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋,!#+8>2!−∃!2∃4∗/∃−+;!6∃82&4∗∋!

∋+−! ∋+=+04(! (! 5&0&(! +2! )∗+! &20∗//&7! ∃)∗+−Β! Ν74+#+! ∃! +#4+!

/+#3+04(,! ∋(2∋+! +#4:! ∗%&0∃∋∃! −∃! 0∃4+8(/∆∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! ∋+! −∃!

2∗−&∋∃∋,!−∃!0∗∃−!#+!∋∃!∗2∃!5++Γ+!+−!2+8(0&(!;!1∃;∃!#&∋(!

0∃−&=&0∃∋(! 2+8∃4&5∃6+24+! 3(/! +−! (/∋+2∃6&+24(,! 3∗+#! #+!

∃2∗−∃!(!#+!∋+0−∃/∃!2∗−(!∃−8(!)∗+!4&+2+!+Γ+20&∃,!+#!∋+0&/,!

3/+!/+)∗&4(!3∃/∃!)∗+! (3+/+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋,! +#! )∗+! +Γ∃! +−!

2+8(0&(!?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!3∗24(!+#3+0∆=&0(!/+#3+04(!∋+−!0∗∃−!

#+!3∗+∋∃!∋+0&/!∃−8(Β!

ΣΗΚΗ∗#31:31∗7973869∗∗

!!!Κ∃!4+/0+/∃!+4∃3∃! 3(/! +−! 0∗∃−! ∃4/∃5&+#∃! +−! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,!+#!+−!∋+!−∃! 3/(∋∗00&72! ∋+! #∗#! +=+04(#,! )∗+! +#! +−!

#+8∗2∋(! 6(6+24(! ∋+! −∃! 0∃−&=&0∃0&72,! ∋(2∋+! #+! %∗#0∃! −∃!

&∋(2+&∋∃∋! ∋+−! 1+01(! 0(20/+4(! ?&24+24(! 3/:04&0(,! (!

6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋Α!+Γ+24+!0(6(!2+8(0&(!?+2!−∃!

6+∋&∋∃!)∗+!+5&∋+20&∃!−∃!+#+20&∃!6∃!∋+!+#4+Α,!0∃−&=&0∃∋(!

ΧΧ!

3(/!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!0(6(!5:−&∋(!;,!3(/! 4∃24(,!∃∋+0∗∃∋(!

3∃/∃! 3/(∋∗0&/! +=+04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#Λ! ∋+! ∋(2∋+! ∋+5&+2+! +2!

2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 5:−&∋(! 0∃3∃

≅∗/∆∋&0(#,! 3∗+#,! 2(! +#! 2(5+∋∃∋! +−! 1+01(! ∋+! )∗+! 3∗+∋∃2!

1∃%+/!2+8(0&(#!5:−&∋(#!)∗+! 2(! 3/(∋∗<0∃2! +=+04(#,! (! )∗+!

1∃;∃,!&25+/#∃6+24+,!2+8(0&(#!+=&0∃0+#!3+/(!)∗+!+2!#∆!+/∃2!

&25:−&∋(#Β!.+!+#4(!#+!0(−&8+!0−∃/∃6+24+!)∗+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃,!

+2! 5+/∋∃∋! Ε∃4+2∋&+2∋(! ∃! ∗2! +#4∗∋&(! #+/&(! ;! 4902&0(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Ε! +#! ∗2∃! 0∃4+8(/∆∃! ∃∗472(6∃! ;! ∋&=+/+24+! ∋+! −∃!

2∗−&∋∃∋Β!

ΥΗ∗&.−3138:.,∗38613∗.83Α.4638:.,∗Β∗80<.>

!!!Ζ(%/+! −∃! ∋&=+/+20&∃0&72! +24/+! ∃6%∃#! 0∃4+8(/∆∃#,! #+! 1∃2!

+#%(

6+∋&∋∃,!4&+2∋+2!∃!4/∃4∃/!∋+!0(2#+8∗&/!−∃!∃21+−∃∋∃!0−∃/&∋∃∋!

+2! 4∃−! ∋&=+/+20&∃,! 3(/! +−−(! #+! 1∃! ∋&01(! )∗+! −∃! ∋&20&72!

+24/+!&2+Γ+20&∃!;!2∗−&∋∃∋! 1∃! #&∋(! (%≅+4(! ∋+! ∋&=+/+24+#!

3(#&0&(2+#

∃∃

Β!!

!!!Χ#∆,!π∃−8∃2(!#+ε∃−∃!∃−!/+#3+04(!)∗+,!−∃!&63(/4∃20&∃!∋+!−∃!

∋&20&72!+24/+! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋!;!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃,! #+! 0+24/∃! +2!

)∗+!+−! 0(24/∃4(!(!+−!∃04(! &2+Γ+24+!2(!3/(∋∗0+!∃)∗+−−(#!

∃∃

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)!Τ∴Υ.1+)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ϑΠΘΦ!!

ΧΒ!

+=+04(#,!∃−!6+2(#,!−&6&4∃∋(#!)∗+!+−!0(24/∃4(!(!+−!∃04(!2∗−(!

3/(∋∗0+2

∃%

Β!!

!!!Φ(/! #∗! 3∃/4+,! ∀#3&2(

&63+/∃4&5(! ∋&28∗&/! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃,! )∗+! +#! −∃! 2(!

0(2=&8∗/∃0&72!∋+−!∃04(,!∋+!−∃!&25∃−&∋+#+!∋∃!3(/!∗2∃!

3∃4(−(8∆∃!∋+!−(#!+−+6+24(#!+#+20&∃−+#!∋+−!6(!(!3(/!∗2!

5&0&(!∋+!−∃! 5(−∗24∃∋Β! Κ∃! &2+Γ+20&∃! &63−&0∃! )∗+! 2(!1∃;!

2&28>2!+=+04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!0(#∃!)∗+!2(!3∗+∋+!∋+0&/#+!∋+−!∃04(!

&25:−&∋(Π

∃&

Β!∀2!&8∗∃−!#+24&∋(!(3&2∃!ϑ&+

∃∋

Β!

!!!∀2!#∗! 0(24+2&∋(,! ∋&0+!ϑ∃−−+!)∗+!ιικ! +2! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃!

=∃−4∃,! 3(/! +≅+63−(,! +−! (%≅+4(! (! −∃! 0∃∗#∃,! 4/∃4:2∋(#+! ∋+!

2∗−&∋∃∋+#!#+!∃0∗∋+!∃!−∃!0∃−&=&0∃0&72!∋+!+#(#!+−+6+24(#!∃!=&2!

∋+!∋+4+/6&2∃/!#&!#∗!3/+#+20&∃!+2!+−!2+8(0&(!?−∃!0∗∃−!2(!#+!

∃%

!β?∃β?Η%)! ε<2485,8+χ! #1! 45:+8/+! ;.<=9/8+)! 7<29.88/∴4!95! ϕ12,8+!

β2,8∴!Ζ!∃+<54ο+!Ρ<27,!?1]547+,2)!Ε/<247!1+!ϕ1248[)!Β21548/2)!ΜΝΝϑ)!∆Φ!

ϑΟΜΦ!

∃&

!#&Ρ3Η%(?! #&Ρ3Η%(?)! ∗.24Φ! ∃2! /4α21/95ο! 5! /45Σ/828/2! 951! 287+!

;.<=9/8+!54!12!;.,∆<.9548 class="ls0 ws44">)!∃/Υ2)!∆Φ!ϑΜΦ!

∃∋

!Α3#(?!∋%Τ?)!∗2/0∃2,!/45Σ/828/2,!45:+8/215,χ!,.!/Υ∆+<7248/2!54!

12! 4.1/929! 95! 28.5<9+,! 54! Υ2752! 8/α/1! Ζ! ,+8/5722Φ! ι4! 54Σ+ς.5!

;.,∆<.9548 class="ls0 ws44">>)!!∀#∃%&∋( :∀+4∋∗∋( −∀( 34+∃%5+4−∀∗0∃∋)! #9/7+21!Η+

∃5:215,)!?≅+!Λ)!Ηζ!Οφ)!Ε<. class="ls0">!

ΧΕ!

∋∗4+Α!+#!5:−&∋∃Β!ο∃!2(!#+!4/∃4∃!∋+!−∃!∃∗#+20&∃!∋+−!(%≅+4(!

(!∋+!−∃!0∃∗#∃,!#&2(!∋+!#∗!−&0&4∗∋ϕϕ

∃(

Β!!

!!!Φ∃/∃!∴+44&

∃)

!#+!(=/+0+2!0∃#(#!+2!−(#!)∗+!3∗+∋+!1∃%−∃/#+!∋+!

5+/∋∃∋+/∃! &2+Γ+20&∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! )∗+! #+! 1∃!

3/+4+2∋&∋(!/+∃−&∋+!9−!6:#!)∗+!

∗2∃!5∃0∆∃!∃3∃/&+20&∃,!−∃!0∗∃−,!#&!3∗+∋+!1∃%+/!+28+2∋/∃∋(!

+2!∃−8∗2(!∋+!−(#!&24+/+#∃∋(#!−∃!&63/+#&72!#∗3+/=&0&∃−!∋+!

1∃%+/−(!5+/&=&0∃∋(!(!∃#&∋(!∃!9−,!2(!3/(∋∗0+,!#&2!+6%∃/8(,!

;! +2! ∃%#(−∗4(,! +=+04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#,! 2&! #&)∗&+/∃! ∋+! 0∃/:04+/!

2+8∃4&5(!(!∋&5+/8+24+Β! Φ(/! +−! 0(24/∃/&(,! −∃! +#4&6∃0&72! ∋+!

∗2!2+8(0&(! 0(6(! 2∗−(! 3/+#∗3(2+,!3(/!−(! 6+2(#,! )∗+! +−!

2+8(0&(! +Γ∃! 0(6(! #∗3∗+#4(! ∋+! 1+01(! )∗+,! 3(/! 4∃24(,!

+Γ∃!∗2∃!=&8∗/∃!+Γ4+/&(/!∋+!#∗#!+−+6+24(#!+5+24∗∃−6+24+!

0∃3∃∋+!+28+2∋/∃/! ∃−8>2! +=+04(! #+0∗2∋∃/&(,! 2+8∃4&5(! (!

∋&5+/8+24+,! ∃∗2)∗+! +#4∃! =&8∗/∃! #+! /+5+−+! −∗+8(!

&20(2#+24+!∃24+!∗2!∃2:−!6:#!3/(=∗2∋(Β!!

!!!Χ!#∗!4∗/2(,!+−!3/(=+#(/!Ζ0(82∃6&8−&(,!3∃/4+!3(/!∃=&/6∃/!

)∗+!+#!&2(%≅+4∃%−+!+−!1+01(!∋+!)∗+!+−!2+8(0&(!2∗−(!3/(∋∗0+!

+=+04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!∃−8∗2(!?−(#!−−∃6∃∋(#!Ο+=+04(#!&2∋&/+04(#ΠΑ,!

∃(

!Α?∃∃#)! 54! 51! Υ/,Υ+! ,547/9+! ∀ιΑΑ3! Α∃?Τ%)! ΑΦ! Α/729+,! ∆+<χ!

Η{|#(! ∋%∃3Η?)! }219+! ε<248/,8+χ!#1! Η5:+8/+! ∗.<=9/8+)! ΜΙΦ! 59Φ)!

#9/7+21!&24!∋2<8+,!⊥&Φ∋Φ_)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚΟ)!∆Φ!φϑΛΦ!!

∃)

!Ε2Υ]/−4! 5,72! 9/α/,/∴4)! 2.4ς.5! [2! ,/9+! +];57+! 95! 8<=7/82,)! 5,!

8+485∆7.21Υ5475!15:=7/Υ2Φ!ϕ#ΕΕ3)!#Υ/1/+Φ!!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΠΚΛΦ!!

Χ3!

)∗+! +Γ0+30&(2∃−6+24+! 3∗+∋+! #∗%#∃2∃/#+,! 0(25+/4&/#+! +2!

∗2! 2+8(0&(! 5:−&∋(,! 3(/! −(! )∗+! /+#∗−4∃/∆∃! =∗2∋∃∋∃! −∃!

(3&2&72! #+8>2! −∃! 0∗∃−! +−! 2+8(0&(! 2∗−(! +Γ+! 3∃/∃! +−!

∋+/+01(,!∋+%&+2∋(,!3(/! +−−(,! #+/! ∋&28∗&∋(! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(!

&2+Γ+24+,! )∗+! +#! ∃%#(−∗4∃6+24+! &63/(∋∗04&5(! ∋+!

+=+04(#

%∗

Β!!

!!!Μ(//+#! η:#)∗+

1+01(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!1∗6∃2(!5(−∗24∃/&(!−&0&4(!0(2!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!

∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋,! 0∗;∃! =&2∃−&∋∃∋! +#! 0/+∃/,! /+8∗−∃/,! 6(∋&=&0∃/!

∗2∃!/+−∃0&72!≅∗/∆∋&0∃,!0(2#4&4∗;+!∗2!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!;!0(6(!

4∃−! #+! ∋&0+! )∗+! 4&+2+! +Γ+20&∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃Λ! +Γ3−&0∃! )∗+,! +−!

0(63(/4∃6&+24(! 1∗6∃2(! +Γ+! +2! −∃! /+∃−&∋∃∋! 0(6(! ∗2!

+5+24(!3(#&4&5(!(!2+8∃4&5(,!;!3(/)∗+!+Γ+!+2!−∃!/+∃−&∋∃∋!

+#!0∃−&=&0∃∋(!3(/!+−!∋+/+01(!0(6(!≅∗/∆∋&0∃6+24+!+Γ+24+!

?+≅Β!∗2!0(24/∃4(Α!(!&2+Γ+24+!?+≅Β!+−!≅∗+8(!∋+!∗2!2&ε(Α,!+#4(!

+#!)∗+!2(!4&+2+!#&82&=&0∃20&∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!?2(!4(∋(!−(!)∗+!+Γ+!

+2!−∃!/+∃−&∋∃∋,!+Γ+!≅∗/∆∋&0∃6+24+ΑΒ!Χ#∆!∗2!+5+24(!3∗+∋+!

+Γ&/!+2!−∃!/+∃−&∋∃∋!;!2(!+Γ&/!≅∗/∆∋&0∃6+24+!?+≅Β!#+!&25&4∃!

∃!∗2!∃6&8(!∃!∗2!3∃#+(!;!#&!2(!∃#+,!2(!1∃;!∃00&72!∃−8∗2∃!

)∗+! 3∗∋&+/∃! 3+/6&4&/! )∗+! #+∃! ∋+6∃2∋∃∋(! 3(/! #∗!

%∗

!#1!95,2< 95!5,72!4.5α2! 4+8/∴4!95!/456/,7548/2! ∆.595!82∆72

812<2Υ5475!95!12! 9+8742!Σ<2485,2)! 54!5112!12!/456/,7548/2)!2],+!

8+Υ+!,5![2!α/,7+)!∆+12!4.1/929)!,5!α.51α5!2!∆

54! <5128/∴4! 8+4! 51! ∆

&Α%βΗ?∋3∃β3%)!Τ5427+Φ!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΠφΚΦ!

Χ6!

&2∃#+20&∃Α,!;! ∃#&6(! 1∃;! +5+24(#! )∗+!3∗+∋+2! 4+2+/!

+Γ+20&∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃,! ∃∗2)∗+! 2(! 4+28∃2! +Γ+20&∃! +2! −∃!

/+∃−&∋∃∋,!+≅Β!−∃!3/+#∗20&72!∋+!3∃4+/2&∋∃∋!∋+−!072;∗8+,!)∗+!

+−! (/∋+2∃6&+24(! 1∃! 0(2#&∋+/∃∋(! 0∗∃2∋(! ∗2! 1&≅(! 2∃0+!

∋+24/(!∋+−! 6∃4/&6(2&(!?∃/4Β!ΤΩΗ! ϑΒϑΒΑΒ!Φ(/!(4/(! −∃∋(,!1∃;!

∃04(#! 1∗6∃2(#! )∗+! 3/(∋∗0+2! +=+04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#! ?#&2! #+/!

2+8(0&(#Α,! ;! )∗+! 3(/! +−−(! #(2! 1+01(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#! ?5Β8/Β! +−!

6∃4/&6(2&(!+24/+! +−! /∃34(/! ;!−∃!/∃34∃∋∃! 6+2(/! ∋+! +∋∃∋!

0∃/+24+! ∋+! ∋+/2&6&+24(! 2(! 0(2#4&4∗;+! ∗2! Ο∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,!+−!6∃4/&6(2&(!+#!&2+Γ+24+,!3+/(!#&!+#!∗2!1+01(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,!3(/!0∗∃24(!+−!/∃34(/!4&+2+!/+#3(2#∃%&−&∋∃∋!0&5&−!;!

3+2∃−Α

Β!!

!!!Φ(/! +#4(,! +2! ∋(04/&2∃! ∃−! ∋+0&/! ∃04(! &2+Γ+24+,! 2(! #+!

∃=&/6∃!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!∋+!2&28>2!Ο1+01(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,!#&2(!)∗+!

2(!+Γ+! ∗2! 1+01(! )∗+!6+/+<0∃! −∃! 0∃−&=&0∃0&72! ∋+!Ο∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Π!3(/!=∃−4∃!∋+! #∗#! +−+6+24(#! +#+20&∃−+#! 3/+5(#!

3(/!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!3∃/∃!)∗+!+Γ+!5:−&∋∃6+24+Λ!

1∃;!∗2∃! ∃3∃/&+20&∃!∋+!∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(!)∗+!3∗+∋+!0(2#4&4∗&/!

∗2! 1+01(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! #&! +#! )∗+! +−! (/∋+2∃6&+24(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! −+!

∃2+≅∃!+=+04(#Β!Ζ&!1∃;!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋,!3+/(!=∃−4∃!

∃−8>2!/+)∗&4(! ∋+! 5∃−&∋+ +−! ∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!+#!&2+Γ+24+,!

3+/(!+#∃!5(−∗24∃∋!6∃2&=+#4∃∋∃!3∗+∋+!0(2#4&4∗&/!∗2!1+01(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! #&! 4&+2+! 0(2#+0∗+20&∃#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Β! ϑ(6(! ∋&0+!

∴∃/%+/(,!Ο−∃!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!0(24&2>∃!#&+2∋(!0&+/4∃6+24+!∗2!

!Ε%ΤΤ#&!Βγ&ηι#()!?4=]21)!+]Φ!8/7Φ)!∆Φ!ΟΘλΦ!

Χ∆!

ιι1+01(ϕϕ!&2∋∗4&%−+,!3+/(!2(!0(2#4&4∗;+!ιι2+8(0&(ϕϕΠΛ!

;,!3(/!4∃24(,!−(#!+=+04(#!)∗+!3∗+∋∃!4+2+/!2(!#+/:2,!∋+!4(∋(#!

6(∋(#,! ιι+=+04(#! 2+8(0&∃−+#ϕϕΠΒ! ∀24(20+#! #&! =∃−4∃! −∃!

6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋! (! ∃−8>2! /+)∗&4(! ∋+! 5∃−&∋+

+#4∃6(#!=/+24+!∃!∗2!∃04(! &2+Γ+24+!)∗+!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!0∃−&=&0∃!0(6(!&25:−&∋(,!#∃20&(2:2∋(−(!0(2!2∗−&∋∃∋!

∃%#(−∗4∃! ?∃/4Β! ΗΘ[! ϑΒϑΒΑΒ! Κ∃! 0∗+#4&72! +#! ∃0∃∋96&0∃! ;! #+!

/+#∗+−5+!+2! +#4(#! 49/6&2(#β! +−! 2+8(0&(! +#!ιι&2+Γ+24+ϕϕ!

0∗∃2∋(! =∃−4∃! −∃! ∋+0−∃/∃0&72! ∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋! ?2+8(0&(! ιι2(!

2∃4(ϕϕΑΛ! ;! 3∗+∋+! #+/! 2∗−(! 3(/! ∋+=+04(! ∋+! =(/6∃! (! ∋+!

/+)∗&4(#!∋+!#∗#4∃20&∃!2+8(0&(!2∃0&∋(!6∗+/4(Α

%∀

Β!!

!!!.+! Κ∃! Φ∗+24+,! /+=&/&92∋(#+! ∃! −(! /+8∗−∃∋(! 3(/! 2∗+#4/(!

(/∋+2∃6&+24(,! #+ε∃−∃,! +−! ∃/4∆0∗−(! ΘΥΙ! ∋+−! ϑ7∋&8(! ϑ&5&−!

∋+=&2+!∃−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!0(6(!−∃!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋,!

0(2!−(! ∋+6:#! +Γ3/+#∃∋(! +2!4∃−!∃/4∆0∗−(,! ;! +Γ&8+! 3∃/∃!#∗!

5∃−&∋+∃!−(!−∃/8(!∋+!0∗∃4/(!&20(#Β!

∀24(20+#,!0∗∃2∋(!=∃−4∃! −∃! ∋+0−∃/∃0&72! ∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋! 2(! #+!

3/(∋∗0+!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!?0(6(! +//72+∃6+24+! ∋&0+! +−! &20(! Θ!

∋+−!∃/4∆0∗−(!ΗΘ[!∋+−! ϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−Α!#&2(! −∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!

∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!3(/!0∗∃24(!)∗+!#&!#+!&∋+24&=&0∃!+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!

0(2!−∃!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!∋+!5(−∗24∃∋,!;!=∃−4∃!9#4∃!>−4&6∃!+−!∃04(!

2(!+Γ+!;!9−!2(!3∗+∋+!#+/!2∗−(!?;∃!#+!1∃!5(!)∗+!+−!∃04(!

2∗−(!+Γ+,!∃∗2!0∗∃2∋(!3(/!−+;!+#!3/&5∃∋(!∋+!5∃−&∋+−(!

0∗∃−!#+! 5+/&=&0∃,!3(/!0∗∃24(,!)∗+!+−!3/+0&4∃∋(!∃/4∆0∗−(!ΘΥΙ!

%∀

!π95ΥΦ!

ΒΚ!

2(!∋+0−∃/∃! 0(6(!/+)∗&4(!∋+!5∃−&∋+ ∃! −∃!∋+0−∃/∃0&72!∋+!

5(−∗24∃∋,!0(6(!#&!−(!1∃0+!3∃/∃!−∃#!0∃∗#∃−+#!0(24+63−∃∋∃#!

+2!#∗#!0∗∃4/(!&20(#,!)∗+!4∃6%&92!#(2!0∃∗#∃−+#!∋+!2∗−&∋∃∋!

∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!#+8>2!−(!3/+0+34∗∃∋(!+2!−(#!&20(#!Η,!Τ,!Υ!

;!Ω!∋+−!∃/4∆0∗−(!ΗΘ[!∋+−!ϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−Β!Χ#∆,!−∃!6∃2&=+#4∃0&72!

∋+! 5(−∗24∃∋! ∃! )∗+! #+! /+=&+/+! +−! ΘΥΙ! +#! 2+0+#∃/&∃! 3∃/∃! −∃!

+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!;!−(#!0∗∃4/(!/+)∗&4(#!+Γ&8&∋(#!

3(/!6+20&(2∃∋(!∃/4∆0∗−(!#(2!2+0+#∃/&(#!3∃/∃!−∃!5∃−&∋+

∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!−(!0∗∃−!+#!&82(/∃∋(!3(/!+−!;∃!0&4∃∋(!∃/4∆0∗−(!

ΗΘ[!)∗+! (4(/8∃! −∃! 6∃!#∃20&72!∃!∗2∃!;! ∃! −(#! (4/(#Β!∀2!

0∗∃24(!∃!−∃!=&2∃−&∋∃∋!3/:04&0∃!∋+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃,!+−!Φ/(=+#(/!

∋+!−∃!Φ∗+24+!;!Κ∃5∃−−+!+20∗+24/∃!∗2!=∗2∋∃6+24(!#7−&∋(!∋+!

9#4∃,! +2! −∃! 3(#&%&−&∋∃∋! ∋+! −∃! =&8∗/∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! −−∃6∃∋∃!

0(25+/#&72!?∗2(!∋+!−∃#!0(2)∗∃#!∋+−!∋+/+01(!6(∋+/2(!;!

)∗+!0(2#+!+2!−∃!4/∃2#=(/6∃0&72!∋+!∗2!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!2∗−(!

+2!(4/(!∋+!∋&5+/#∃!2∃4∗/∃−+−(#!∃04(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#,!;!∗2(!

∋+!−(#!/+)∗&4(#!3∃/∃!)∗+!#+!3/(∋∗<0∃!−∃!6∃,!+#!)∗+!+−!

∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!#+∃!2∗−(!#+8>2!+−!4&3(!∋+!∃04(!0+−+%/∃∋(!3(/!

−∃#!3∃/4+#,!∃!=&2!∋+!)∗+!3∗+∋∃!#+/!#∃−5∃∋(!∋+!#∗!2∗−&∋∃∋Λ!−∃!

0(25+/#&72!2(!#+!∃3−&0∃!∃−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!&2+Γ+24+,!∋+#∋+!

)∗+!2(!+#!3(#&%−+!−∃!4/∃2#=(/6∃0&72!∋+!∗2!∃04(!)∗+!2(!1∃!

−−+8∃∋(!∃!4+2+/!+Γ+20&∃

Β!!

!∀

∋<4∋ 8)∋ =>4!?4∋ 9∋ 8)≅)8840∋ Α&Β∀(#Χ! ∀∃2! 8+4α5

;.<=9/8+>)!Ε∀/90∃9(Φ4+Γ−∃09(2(+∀%59∗%∋?∃,∃−∋−(0∃#∃,(≅(Η%&4−∃9%(∀∗(=∀=9+∃∋(−∀,(

:+9)!#9/7+<2!∗.<=9/82!β;15Ζ!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!ϑΚΚΠ)!

∆Φ!λΚΚΦ∋

Β4!

!!!Φ(#&0&72,! +#3+0&∃−6+24+,! /+−+5∃24+! ∋+! −(#! ∃∗4(/+#!

2∃0&(2∃−+#! +#,! #&2! ∋∗∋∃,! −(! 3(#4∗−∃∋(! 3(/! +−! Φ/(=+#(/!

χ(/∃−+#!φ+/5&∃#,!)∗+!+2#+ε∃!Ε∃!3∃/4&/!∋+!−∃!5∃−&∋+

;!2(/6∃4&5∃!∋+!−∃#!2(/6∃#!≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Εβ!−∃!2(0&72!∋+−!2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#! ∃3−&0∃%−+! ∃! −∃! 2(0&72! ∋+! 5∃−&∋+

2(0&72!∋&3−&2∃! 2+8(0&∃−! ∃! −∃! /+8∗−∃0&72!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋+!−(#!

∃04(#! ∋+! ∃∗4(2(6∆∃! 3/&5∃∋∃! ?5∃−&∋+

ϑ(25&+2+!∃0−∃/∃/!)∗+!∃!3∃/4&/!∋+!−∃!0(2=/(24∃0&72!+24/+!−∃!

2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! 3>%−&0∃! )∗+! &2∋&0∃! +−! 4&3(! 2+8(0&∃−! ;! −∃!

2(/6∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃! 3/&5∃∋∃,! #+! ∋+%+! ∃2∃−&

2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!∀#!∋+0&/,!3(/!5∃−&∋+2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(! ∋+%+! +24+2∋+/#+! )∗+! +−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +#! ∗2∃!

2(/6∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!3/&5∃∋∃!?∃04(!∋+!∃∗4(2(6∆∃!3/&5∃∋∃Α

%∃

Β!!

!!!Φ(/! +−! 0(24/∃/&(,! −∃! 5∃−&∋+

≅∗/∆∋&0(!+24+2∋&∋(!0(6(!#∗3∗+#4(!∋+!1+01(!∋+!∗2∃!2(/6∃!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃! 3>%−&0∃! +2! 4∃24(! &63(/4∃! ∗2∃! 0∃−&=&0∃0&72!

?#∃20&72Α!∋+!&∋(2+&∋∃∋!∋+!3/(∋∗00&72!∋+!+=+04(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#Β!

Φ(/!0(2#&8∗&+24+,!3(∋+6(#!∋+=&2&/!∃! −∃!&2+Γ+20&∃! 0(6(!

+−! 1+01(! &//+−+5∃24+! ?&25∃−&∋+

2+8(0&∃−!0(6(! +−!#∗3∗+#4(!∋+! 1+01(!/+−+5∃24+!+!&25:−&∋(!

?&25∃−&∋+

%∃

!∋%Τ?∃#&!Ψ#ΤΒ3?&)! Τ∴Υ.1+χ!#,7.9/+,! ,+]<5!Ε5+<=2!β545<21! 951!

Η5:+8/+!∗.<=9/8+)!ΜΙ!59Φ)!?Τ?!#9/7+<5,!#Φ3ΦΤΦ∃Φ)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚϑ)!∆Φ!ϑΘϑΦ!!

Β7!

∃#+5+/∃/!)∗+!+−!2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(!&2+Γ+24+,!+#! +−!∃04(!∋+!

∃∗4(2(6∆∃! 3/&5∃∋∃! &//+−+5∃24+! ?&25∃−&∋+

2+8(0&(ΑΒ! Χ! 6∃;(/! ∃%∗2∋∃6&+24(! +−! 1+01(! &2+Γ+24+!

3/(∋∗0+!+Γ3+04∃4&5∃! ?+=+04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#! 3/+−&6&2∃/+#Α! ;!+−!

2+8(0&(!2∗−(!3/(∋∗0+!+=+04(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#!2+8∃4&5(#,!3+/(!+#!

#∗#0+34&%−+!∋+!0(25+/#&72Β!Χ#∆,!+−!4/∃4∃24+!3+/≅∗∋&0∃∋(!+2!

−∃#!4/∃4∃4&5∃#! ;! +−! 0(2#∗6&∋(/! ∋∃ε∃∋(!+2!−∃!0(24/∃4∃0&72!

6∃#&5∃,! 3(∋/:2! #∗#4+24∃/! 0(6(! 3/+4+2#&72! ∃24+! −∃!

∃∗4(/&∋∃∋! ∃∋6&2/∃4&5∃! (! ∃24+! −∃! ∃∗4(/&∋∃∋! ≅∗/Ε

∋&00&(2∃−! −∃! +Γ+20&∃! ∋+! 4∃−+#! ∃04(#! 2(! 2+8(0&∃−+#! 3(/!

1∃%+/! 0∃∗#∃∋(! +=+04(#! 3/+−&6&2∃/+#! +2! #∗#! +#=+/∃#!

≅∗/∆∋&0∃#Β!∀2! #+24&∋(!0(24/∃/&(,!+−!4/∃4∃24+! )∗+!#∗#3+2∋&7!

−∃#!4/∃4∃4&5∃#!;!−∃!+63/+#∃!3(∋/:2!=∗2∋∃6+24∃/!#∗!∋+=+2#∃!

∋+!=(2∋(!+2!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!∋+!∋&01(#!∃04(#

Β!!

!!!Μ(∋(!−(!+Γ3∗+#4(,!3(/!0&4∃/!∃−8∗2(#!∃∗4(/+#!)∗+!∃%(/∋∃2!

+−!4+6∃!+2!−∃!∋(04/&2∃Β!

!!!!

!!!∀63+/(,! #&8∗&+2∋(! 0(2! +−! (/∋+2! ∋+! &∋+∃#! +Γ3∗+#4(! ?;!

∃4+2∋&+2∋(! ∃! −(! ∃=&/6∃∋(! −∆2+∃#! ∃4/:#! +2! −(#! ∆4+6#! )∗+!

1+6(#!∋+#∃//(−−∃∋(! 0(2! −∃! =&2∃−&∋∃∋! ∋+!+Γ3/+#∃/!2∗+#4/∃!

&∋+∃Α! ∋+%+! 0(63/+2∋+/#+! (! +24+2∋+/#+! )∗+! ∗2! 2+8(0&(!

?∃04(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(! &2+Γ+24+! 5+2∋/∆∃! ∃!#+/!−∃!∃∗#+20&∃!∋+! −∃!

0(20+30&72!6∃!?∋+!−∃! &∋+24&=&0∃0&72!∋+!−∃!+#+20&∃Α!∋+−!

2+8(0&(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,! 6&+24/∃#! )∗+! +−!2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α! ≅∗/∆∋&0(!

!π95ΥΦ!!

Β5!

2∗−(! ∋+%+! +24+2∋+/#+! )∗+! +#! ∗2∃! 0∃4+8(/∆∃! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃!

?8+2+/∃∋∃!∃−!&24+/&(/! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! 6(Α! )∗+!#+!

∋∃!0∗∃2∋(! ;∃! +Γ+! 2+8(0&(! ;! 9#4+!/+0&%+!−∃!0∃−&=&0∃0&72!

?2+8∃4&5∃Α! 3(/! +−! (/∋+2∃6&+24(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! ∋+5&2&+2∋(! −∃!

&63(#&0&72! ?#∃20&72Α! ∋+! −∃#! 0(2#+0∗+20&∃#! ≅∗/∆∋&0∃#! )∗+!

0(//+#3(2∋+! 3(/! 1∃%+/#+! /+3/+#+24∃∋(! −∃! 2∗−&∋∃∋,!

0&/0∗2#4∃20&∃#! +! &2#4∃20&∃! +2! )∗+! /+0&92! ∃3∃/+0+! −∃!

0∃4+8(/∆∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∃!−∃!)∗+!5+2&6(#!/+=&/&92∋(2(#Β!!

!!!Ζ+! 1∃! ∋&01(,! 2(! +2! 3(0∃#! 5+0+#,! )∗+! +−! 2+8(0&(! 2∗−(!

5+2∋/∆∃! ∃! #+/! +−! 0(20+%&∋(! )∗+! 2∃0+! 6∗+/4(,! ;! )∗+! −∃!

∃2∗−∃%&−&∋∃∋! +#! +−! 2∃0&∋(! 0(2! 4∃/∃#! )∗+! 3(#4+/&(/6+24+!

6∗+/+!3(/! −∃!8/∃5+∋∃∋!∋+! #∗!+2=+/6+∋∃∋!?(! ∃=+04∃∋(!∋+!

∗2!5&0&(! )∗+! 0(2−−+5∃! ∃! 4∃−! /+#∗−4∃∋(,!#&!2(#!/+=+/&6(#!∃−!

2+8(0&(ΑΛ!∃!−(!)∗+!2(#(4/(#!∃8/+8∃6(#!)∗+!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!

#+/∆∃!#&63−+6+24+! −∃! 2(! 0(20+30&72,! ∃)∗∆!3∗+∋+! ∋+0&/#+!

)∗+!1∗%(!∗2∃!#∗3∗+#4∃!6∃∋/+!0(2!+−!5&+24/+!∃%∗−4∃∋(!)∗+!

#&6∗−∃%∃!+6%∃/∃

∗2! 4∗6(/,! (! 0∗∃−)∗&+/! (4/∃! 0&/0∗2#4∃20&∃! Ε#&! #+! )∗&+/+Ε,!

3+/(,!+2!∃%#(−∗4(,!1∗%(!+6%∃/∃(!0(20+30&72,!#&+2∋(!∃#∆!

Ε0(2=(/6+! ∃! 4(∋(! 0∗∃24(! #+! 1∃! ∋&01(Ε! 2(! #+! ∋&(! ∃04(!

?2+8(0&(Α! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! +/8(! #+! 4/∃4∃! ∋+! ∗2! 2+8(0&(! ?∃04(Α!

≅∗/∆∋&0(!&2+Γ+24+!∋&=+/+24+!∋+!−∃!0∃4+8(/∆∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋+!−∃!

2∗−&∋∃∋!∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!

ΒΧ!

Κ(#!#&8∗&+24+#!0∗∃∋/(#,!8/∃=&0∃2!−(!+Γ3∗+#4(!/+#3+04(!∋+!−∃!

+Γ+20&∃!+!&2+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!∃04(!?2+8(0&(Α!≅∗/∆∋&0(β!

∋

!45∆Ε7∆∋Φ)Ε?∆Γ∋−>6Η<7Ε∆∋

!∀#∃%&∋(#)∗+

!∃&∋(#)+ ,#∃,)+ −&+ .)+ (/∋(&0(#1∋+ /+ #−&∋%#2#()(#1∋+ −&.+

(/∋%&∋#−/+345+,/,&∋%/6+

∋

7).#−&8∗+

9).#2#()(#1∋+ 0/∃#%#:)+ −&.+ ∋&;/(#/+ &∀#∃%&∋%&+ 3−&+ .)+

#−&∋%#2#()(#1∋+−&+∃<+(/∋%&∋#−/6+=>5+,/,&∋%/=+

!2#()(#)∗+

?−/∋−)−+ − &.+ ∋&;/(#/+ ≅+0)Α)+

0Α/−+3Ε5+,/,&∋%/6+

!45∆Ε7∆∋Φ)Ε?∆Γ∋−>6Η<7Ε∆∋

?∋&∀#∃%&∋(# )∗+

Φ −&+.)+(/∋(&0( #1∋+/+#−&∋%#2#()(#1∋+−&.+(/∋%&∋#−/+

∋

?∋:).#−&8∗+

9).#2#()(#1∋+ ∋&;)%#:)+ −&.+ ∋&;/(#/+ &∀#∃%&∋%&+ 3−&+ .)+

#−&∋%#2#()(#1∋+−&+∃<+(/∋%&∋#−/6+

?∋&2#()(#)∗+

Γ/+# −/∋− )−+ −&.+ ∋&;/ (#/+ ≅< ΑΒ−#(/+ &∀# ∃%&∋%& + Χ+: ∆.#−/+ 0) Α)+

0Α/−Η+

!∀#∃%&%∋(

!)∗+,∃+( )−∃./)0/)( ,∃1∃,&%+(

0)∗&/∃2&3)0/)( %)( ∃024#∃%+( 5(

.&0,∃+0&%+(,+0()#()1),/+(%)(#&(0∀#∃%&%6(

70∀#&8∃#∃%&%∋(

9∗∀( :∀)( )#( &0/);∃+;

∗;&2)%&%6(

ΒΒ!

!!!ν&2∃−6+24+,! )∗+/+6(#! ∃∋5+/4&/,! )∗+! ∗2! ∃/4∆0∗−(,!

/+∃−6+24+! )∗+∋∃! 0(/4(! 3∃/∃! ∃%(/∋∃/! +−! 4+6∃! 0(6(!

0(//+#3(2∋+,! 2(! (%#4∃24+! 1+6(#! 4/∃4∃∋(! ∋+! #&24+4&

2∗+#4/∃#!&∋+∃#,! −(! 0∗∃−!1∃!1+01(!)∗+!2(! 1∃;∃6(#! 4(0∃∋(!

∃−8∗2(#!4+6∃#,!0(6(!3(/!+≅+63−(!4/∃4∃/!∃!3/(=∗2∋&∋∃∋!−∃!

0(20+30&72! ∋+−! 2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(,! ∃#∆! 0(6(! −∃! ∋&=+/+20&∃!

4+7/&0∃!?(!∃0∃∋96&0∃Α!;!3/∃04&0∃!?#∗3∗+#4(#!(!0∃#(#!Σ0(6(!

3(/! +≅+63−(! 2∗+#4/(! ∃2:−! ∃−! ΟΦ/(;+04(! ∋+! Φ∃5&∃Π,!

∋(2∋+!;∃! #+! /+8∗−∃!−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!2+8(0&∃−

Α!)∗+! 1+6(#!

!0ρ! 51! 5,7.9/+! 95! 12! /456/,7548/2! 45:+8/21! 54! 51! ?475∆

Α∴9/:+!#.95!Α+47<27+,)!2812<249+!ς.5)! ,/!]/54!51!Υ548/+429+!

Ρ7<2]2;2! ,+]<5!12!]2,5! 951!8+47<27+)!4+,+7 2Υ∆1/2Υ+,!,.,!

8+485∆8/+45,!21!287+!;.<=9/8+!54!:545<21Φ!#4!721!9/<588/∴4)!54!51!2<7=8.1+!

ΜφΘζ!951!?475∆,5!<5:.12!12!Σ/:.<2! 95! 12! /456/,7548/2Φ! ?11=! ,5!

2,5α5<2!ς.5!4+![2Ζ!8+47<27+!8.249+!4+!56/,75!.4![58[+)!.4!287+)!.42!

95812<28/∴4!+!.42!,/7.28/∴4!ς.5!∆.5924!,55675+

Ζ!<58+49.8/9+,!2!12!4+8/∴4!,+8/21!95!8+47<27+Φ!#47+485,)!5,72Υ+,!2475!

51!,.∆.5,7+! 95! /456/,7548/2! 8+47<287.21! 8.249+! 4/! ,/ς./5<2! [2Ζ! .42!

2∆2548/2! ς.5! ∆.592! ,592! 8+Υ+! 8+47<27+Φ! ∃+! ∆+8+! ς.5!

∆.592! 28+47585

[2]1249+)!2∆542,! ,/!∆.595! 7+Υ254!8.5472! ∆+ 95<58[+Φ!Ρ+

ς.5! ,.! <5:.128/∴4! ,5! 9/

28+4758/Υ/547+)!ς.5!54!<5:.12,547/9+)!12!72<52!

]Ω,/82!951!15:/,129+/2!Ζ!1.5:+!4+

,.,! ∆+,/]15,! 5Σ587+,)! 54! 82,+! 95! [2]5<1+,Φ! Ρ5,5! 2! 12! 4+8/∴4! :545<21!

5,7/∆.1292!54!51!?475∆ ,.!Υ/,Υ+!7567+)!,5!

ΒΕ!

3(∋&∋(!+20(24/∃/!∋+!−∃!/+5&72!)∗+!1&0&6(#!∋+!−(#!∃∗4(/+#!

)∗+,!∃!2&5+−!2∃0&(2∃−! +!&24+/2∃0&(2∃−,!∃%(/∋∃2! +−!4+6∃!∋+!

−∃!&2+Γ+20&∃,!∋+!&8∗∃−! 6∃2+/∃!+−!4+6∃! ∋+!−∃!0(25+/#&72!

0(6(!∗2!=∗2∋∃6+24(!#7−&∋(!3∃/∃!−∃!∋&=+/+20&∃0&72!+24/+!−∃!

&2+Γ+20&∃!;!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋,!+24/+!(4/(#!4+6∃#,!+63+/(!)∗+∋∃!

+−!0(63/(6(!∋+!∋∃/−(#!∃!0(2(0+/!+2!∗2!3/7Γ&6(!4/∃%∃≅(,!

∋+!6∃;(/!+#3∃0&(!∋+!+#4∗∋&(,!)∗+!4+28∃6(#!∃!%&+2!/+∃−&

3∗+#!∋+! −(!)∗+!#+! 4/∃4∃!+#!∋+! ∃3(/4∃/!0(2!&∋+∃#,! 3(/!6∗;!

#&63−+#!)∗+!#+∃2,!∃!−∃!&25+#4&8∃0&72!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!)∗+!∃;∗∋+2!∃!

1∃0+/!6:#!>4&−!−∃!∃3−&0∃0&72!∋+−!.+/+01(!∃!−∃!/+∃−&∋∃∋,!∃!−∃#!

/+−∃0&(2+#! #(0&∃−+#,! 3∗+#,! 2(! #+! (−5&∋+! )∗+! +−! .+/+01(!

0(2#4&4∗;+!∗2∃! 4902&0∃!∋+!−∃#! /+−∃0&(2+#!#(0&∃−+#!=∗2∋∃∋∃!

#(%/+!−∃!∃4/&%∗0&72!∋+!+=+04(#,!8∃/∃24&

0(+/0&4&5(!∋+−!∀#4∃∋(!(!3(/!(4/(#!6+0∃2(#!∃2:−(8(#,!∃!

8+1+824! 21:.4+,! ,.∆.5,7+,! ∆.47.215,Φ! ΠΦΜΦ!!Α?ι&?∃#&! ∀#!

3Η#Γ3&Ε#ΗΑ3?! Η#β%Α3?∃Φ! ΠΦΜΦΜΦ! ε?∃Ε?! ∀#∃! &ι∗#Ε%Φ! ΠΦΜΦϑΦ!

ε?∃Ε?!∀#!Α?Ρ?Α3∀?∀!∗ιΤπ∀3Α?Φ!ΠΦΜΦφΦ!Α?Τ#ΗΑ3?!∀#!%ϕ∗#Ε%Φ!

ΠΦΜΦΠΦ! ∃?! ∀3&Α%Ηε%Τ∋3∀?∀! #ΗΕΤ#! ∃?! %ε#ΤΕ?! κ! ∃?!

?Α#ΡΕ?Α3θΗΦ! ΠΦΜΦλΦ! &ιΡι#&Ε%! β#Η#Τ?∃! %! ∀#!

3ΗΕ#ΤΡΤ#Ε?Α3θΗ!#ΓΕ#Η&3Β?Φ!ΠΦϑΦ!!!!!!!Α%ΗΑι#ΗΑ3?&!∀#!∃?!

3Η#Γ3&Ε#ΗΑ3?! Η#β%Α3?∃Φ! ΠΦϑΦΜΦ! ?ιΗΑ3?! Ε%Ε?∃! ∀#!

#ε#ΑΕ%&! Α%ΗΕΤ?ΑΕι?∃#&Φ! ΠΦϑΦϑΦ! ∋?Ε#Τ3?∃3(?Α3θΗ! ∀#! ∃?!

3Η#Γ3&Ε#ΗΑ3?!Η#β%Α3?∃Φ!ΠΦϑΦφΦ!Α∃γι&ι∃?&!Ε#Η3∀?&!Ρ%Τ!Η%!

#&ΑΤ3Ε?&Φ!Β−2,5χ!Ε?ΗΕ?∃#θΗ! %∀?Τ)! Τ5Ζ4219+! ∋2+χ! 0∃2!

/456/,7548/2!54!51!2475∆951! Α∴9/:+! #. 95! Α+47<27+,>)!

Β∀+∀0Χ9(2(8∋=?∃9(∆90∃∋,)!2<7=8.1+!∆.]1/829+!54!12!ϖ5]!∆+∋2:=,75<!54!

∀5<58[+!Α/α/1!Ζ!Α+Υ5<8/21)!?≅+!λ)!ΗΙ!Μλ)!ϑΚΚΛΦ!

Β3!

∗2∃!#+/&+!∋+!1+01(#!;!∃04(#!+#+20&∃−6+24+!0∗∃−&=&0∃∋(#!3(/!

#∗#!0∃/∃04+/∆#4&0∃#!=(/6∃−+#

%∋

Β!!!!

ΓςΗ∗(98:<04.≅8∗

!!!ϑ(6(! #+! 3∗∋(! ∃∋5+/4&/! ∃! −(! −∃/8(! ∋+! −∃#! −∆2+∃#! ∋+−!

3/+#+24+!4/∃%∃≅(,! ∋+! 2&28∗2∃! 6∃2+/∃,! −∃! &2+Γ+20&∃!∋+−!

2+8(0&(!(! ∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!#+!+)∗&3∃/∃!0(20+34∗∃−6+24+!∃!−∃!

0∃4+8(/∆∃!≅∗/∆∋&0∃!∋+!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!∋+!−(#!6(#,!3(/!0∗∃24(!

(%+∋+0+2!∃!∋(#! 6(6+24(#! 0−∃/∃6+24+! ∋&=+/+20&∃∋(#,! ∃#∆!

0(6(!4∃63(0(!(#0∗/+0+!+−!(/∋+2∃6&+24(!≅∗/∆∋&0(!;,!6∗;!

3(/!+−!0(24/∃/&(,!#+!+/&8+!0(6(!∗2!&2#4/∗6+24(!&63(/4∃24+,!

4∃24(! 3∃/∃! +−! −+8−∃∋(/! 0(6(! 3∃/∃! −(#! ≅∗+0+#,! )∗+!

0(∃∋;∗5∃!∃!∃=&∃2.+/+01(!∋+!

−∃!#+8∗/&∋∃∋!≅∗/∆∋&0∃Β!

ΓΓΗ∗Ω.Ε<.9>

Ε!∴∀ΚΜγθΝ!ΦΧϑφ∀ϑ],! λ(/8+!Χ−%+/4(β!ΟΚ∃!&2+=&0∃0&∃!∋+−!

Χ04(! λ∗/∆∋&0(Π,! Ι(/%∗−+∃&∀ Μ(−)&,−(%∗+.)/2∗&,! Νρ! Ω,! π∃0+4∃!

λ∗/∆∋&0∃,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΘΒ!!

Ε! ∴∀ΜΜΡ,! ∀6&−&(β! Μ+(/∆∃! π+2+/∃−! ∋+−! Ν+8(0&(! λ∗/∆∋&0(,!

4/∃∋∗00&72! ;! 0(20(/∋∃20&∃#! 0(2! +−! .+/+01(! ∀#3∃ε(−! ΧΒ!

%∋

!Ρ3((%Τι&&%)!?15,,249!∗.,7/8/2)! Α+4,7/7.8/∴4! Ζ!Ρ1.<21/,Υ+)! ΜΙ!

59Φ)!Ρ215,7<2!#9/7+<5,!&Φ?ΦΑΦ)!∃/Υ2)!ϑΚΚλ)!∆Φ!ϑΜΝΦ!!

Β6!

χ∃/4∆2! Φ9/+

χ∃∋/&∋,!Θ[ς[Β!!

Ε! ∴ΡπΚΡΧ__Ρ! π∀γΡ,! Κ&2∃,! ∴γ∀ϑϑΡΧ,! φ∗6%+/4(,!

∴σΖΝ∀ΚΚΡ,! ν/∃20+#0(! ;! ΝΧΜ]ΚΡ,! σ8(β! .+/+01(! ϑ&5&−! Ε!

φ+01(#! ;! ∃04(#! ≅∗/∆∋&0(#,! 4/∃∋∗00&72! ∋+! ν+/2∃2∋(!

φ&2+#4/(#∃Β!Θρ!+∋Β,!σ2&5+/#&∋∃∋!∀Γ4+/2∃∋(!∋+!ϑ(−(6%&∃,!

∴(8(4:,!Θ[[Η,!ΜΒ!Ρ,!η(−Β!ΗΒ!

Ε! ϑΧχσΖΖ],! λ(/8+β! Ν∗−&∋∃∋+#! Φ/(0+#∃−+#,! ∀Β.ΒΡΒΧΒγΒ,!

∴∗+2(#!Χ&/+#,!Θ[ΨΤΒ!

Ε! ϑΡ∀_Χ! χ]γΧ,! λ∃&/(β! ΟΚ∃#! &2+=&0∃0&∃#! 2+8(0&∃−+#β! #∗!

&63(/4∃20&∃!+2!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋! ∋+!∃0∗+/∋(#! +2!6∃4+/&∃!0&5&−!;!

#(0&+4∃/&∃Β!σ2!+2=()∗+!≅∗//∗∋+20&∃−Π,!Ν∗ϑ)/∀Ο∗−(/+/∀%∗∀

Μ(−)&,−(%∗+.)/,! ∀∋&4(/&∃−! Ν(/6∃#! Κ+8∃−+#,! Χε(! Ψ,! Ντ! ΩΤ,!

Μ/∗≅&−−(,!ΗΙΙΩΒ!

Ε!ϑ]ηΡ∀ΚΚ],!Ν&0(−:#β!.(04/&2∃!8+2+/∃−!∋+−!∋+/+01(!0&5&−,!

4/∃∋∗0&∋(! 3(/! ν+−&3+! ∋+! λΒ! Μ+2∃,! σ2&72! Μ&3(8/:=&0∃!

∀∋&4(/&∃−!φ∃2(ΕΧ6+/&0∃2∃!?σΜ∀φΧΑ,!χ9Γ&0(,!Θ[ΤΨΒ!

+,.∀!Κ]Ζ!χ]_]Ζ,!λ(#9!Κ∗,!Ο−∃!Ρ2+Γ+20&∃! ∋+−!2+8(0&(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,! Ν∗ϑ)/∀ Ε∗+∗−/2∀ %∗∀ ≅∗6)&2/.)>+∀ 0∀ Μ(−)&,−(%∗+.)/,!

Χε(!ϑηΡΡΡ,!Ζ+8∗2∋∃!µ3(0∃,!ΜΒ!⊥Κ,!Νρ!ΗΙΨ,!Θ[ΩΙΒ!

Ε! .∀! ΚΧ! Φσ∀ΝΜ∀! ο! ηΧΚΚ∀,! χ∃2∗+−β! Ο∀−! ϑ(24/∃4(! +2!

π+2+/∃−Β!ϑ(6+24∃/&(#! ∃! −∃! Ζ+00&72!Φ/&6+/∃!∋+−!Κ&%/(! ηΡΡ!

∋+−! ϑ7∋&8(! ϑ&5&−Π,! Π)82)∃#∗./∀ ,/−/∀ 2∗∗−∀ ∗2∀ Ι>%)6∃∀ Ι)ϑ)2∀ Θ∀

Ο−)3∗−/∀Ο/−#∗Β!ν(2∋(!∀∋&4(/&∃−!∋+!−∃!Φ(24&=&0&∃!σ2&5+/#&∋∃∋!

ϑ∃47−&0∃!∋+−!Φ+/>,!Κ&6∃,!Θ[[Θ,!η(−Β!⊥Ρ,!ΜΒ!ΡΒ!

Β∆!

Ε!.∀! ΚΧ!Φσ∀ΝΜ∀!ο!ΚΧηΧΚΚ∀,!χ∃2∗+−β∗ΞΚ∃!0(25+/#&72!

∋+−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,!Ρ∗6∃.)∃∀ 4(−5%).∃∀ 0∀ −∗&,∃+&/8)2)%/%∀ .)ϑ)2∀ Θ∀

;(%)∃&∀ ∗+∀ 3∗3∃−)/∀ %∗2∀ Ο−∃1∗&∃−∀ ≅)Β/−%∃∀ Σ/8∃/%/∀ Ι>−%∃ϑ/,!

∀∋&4(/∃!λ∗/∆∋&0∃!π/&≅−+;!∀ΒΡΒγΒΚΒ,!ΗΙΙΥΒ!

Ε!∀ΖΦΡΝ]_Χ!∀ΖΦΡΝ]_Χ,!λ∗∃2β!Κ∃! &25∃−&∋+ +! &2+=&0∃0&∃!

∋+−! ∃04(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(! +2! −∃! ≅∗//∗∋+20&∃,! Θρ! +∋Β! π∃0+4∃!

λ∗/∆∋&0∃,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΨΒ!

Ε!ν∀γγΡ,!Κ∗&8&Β!Κ∃!Χ∗4(2(6∆∃!Φ/&5∃∋∃,!Μ/∃∋∗00&72!;!2(4∃#!

∋+! .+/+01(! ∀#3∃ε(−! 3(/! Κ∗! Ζ∃201(! χ+2∋&

∀∋&4(/&∃−!γ+5∃!∋+!.+/+01(!Φ/&5∃∋(!χ∃∋/&∋,!Θ[Ω[Β!

Ε!πΧΚπΧΝ],!ν/∃20+#0(β!∀−! Ν+8(0&(!λ∗/∆∋&0(,!4/∃∋∗00&72!

∋+! ∴−∃#0(! π∃#07! ;! Κ(/+2

∴−∃201,!η∃−+20&∃,!Θ[[ΗΒ!

Ε! Κ∀υΝ,! Κ+;##+/! ΚΒβ! ∀−! #+24&∋(! ∋+! −∃! 0(∋&=&0∃0&72! 0&5&−! Ε!

∀#4∗∋&(#!#(%/+!−(#!6(∋+−(#!≅∗/∆∋&0(#!;!#∗!&2=−∗+20&∃!+2!+−!

ϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−!3+/∗∃2(Β!Φ∃−+#4/∃,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΥΒ!

Ε! Κ]φχΧΝΝ! ΚσϑΧ! .∀! Μ∀ΝΧ,! λ∗∃2! π∗&−−+/6(β! ∀−!

Ν+8(0&(! λ∗/∆∋&0(,! Ηρ! +∋Β,! ∀∋&4(/∃! λ∗/∆∋&0∃! π/&≅−+;,! Κ&6∃,!

Θ[[ΞΒ!

Ε! χΧ_∀σ.,! φ+2/&,! λ+∃2! ;! Κ+72β! Κ+00&(2+#! ∋+! ∋+/+01(!

0&5&−,!∀∋&0&(2+#! λ∗/∆∋&0∃#! ∀∗/(3∃! Χ69/&0∃,!∴∗+2(#!Χ&/+#,!

Θ[ΞΨ,!Φ∃/4+!Ζ+8∗2∋∃,!η(−Β!ΡΒ!

Ε! χ]γΧΚ∀Ζ! φ∀γηΡΧΖ,! γ76∗−(Β! ΟΝ∗+5∃#! Φ+/#3+04&5∃#!

∋+−!Ν+8(0&(! λ∗/∆∋&0(Π,!Η∗−∗.=∃∀Τ∀Υ∃.)∗%/%∀ Θ∀ Η∗−∗.=∃∀ Ι)ϑ)2,!

Χ#(0&∃0&72!ϑ&5&−,!Νρ!ΗΨ,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΞΒ!

ΕΚ!

Ε! χ]γΧΚ∀Ζ! φ∀γηΡΧΖ,! γ76∗−(β! ∀#4∗∋&(#! #(%/+! Μ+(/∆∃!

π+2+/∃−! ∋+−! ϑ(24/∃4(,! ∀∋&4(/∃! λ∗/∆∋&0∃! π/&≅−+;! ∀ΒΡΒγΒΚΒ,!

Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΩΒ!

Ε!χ]γΧΚ∀Ζ!φ∀γηΡΧΖ,!γ76∗−(β!Οϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−!∋+!Θ[ΤΩ!;!

∋(04/&2∃! 3+/∗∃2∃Λ! γ+0+30&72! ∋+! −∃! 4+(/∆∃! 8+2+/∃−! ∋+−!

2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(Π,! Ο−∃.∗&∃∀ Τ∀ Μ().)/∀ Θ∀ Ν∗ϑ)/∀ %∗∀ Η∗−∗.=∃∀

Ο−∃.∗&/2,!Νρ!ς,!Φ+/>,!ΗΙΙςΒ!

Ε! χ]γΧΚ∀Ζ! φ∀γηΡΧΖ,! γ76∗−(β! ∀#4∗∋&(#! #(%/+! Μ+(/∆∃!

π+2+/∃−! ∋+−! Ν+8(0&(! λ∗/∆∋&0(,! Θρ! +∋Β,! ΧγΧ! ∀∋&4(/+#!

∀ΒΡΒγΒΚΒ,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΗΒ!!

Ε!χ]γΧΚ∀Ζ!φ∀γηΡΧΖ,!γ76∗−(β!ιιΡ2+Γ+20&∃!;!2∗−&∋∃∋!

∃2∃−&+−!3∗24(!∋+!5∃!∋+!−(#!∋+/+01(#!&4∃−&∃2(,!

+#3∃ε(−! ;! 3+/∗∃2(ϕϕΒ! Ν∗−&∋∃∋,! ΝσΚΒ! ∀#4∗∋&(#! #(%/+!

&25∃−&∋+

]%4+2&∋(! ∋+β! 1443βϖϖωωωΒ0(=&8(Ε

0&5&−Β&2=(ϖ2∗−&&∋∃∋ϖ−(∋+−ϖ−(∋+−ϖ∋(0∗6+24Β313α&∋ξΗ[Β!ΗΙΙςΒ!

Ε!χ]γΧΚ∀Ζ!φ∀γηψΧΖ,!γ76∗−(β!Φ∃4(−(8∆∃#!;! γ+6+∋&(#!

∋+−!ϑ(24/∃4(,!λ∗/∃!∀∋&4(/+#,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΘΘΒ!

Ε! Νζ{∀_! χ]ΚΡΝΧ,! |∃−∋(! ν/∃20(β! ∀−! Ν+8(0&(!

λ∗/∆∋&0(,!ΘρΒ!+∋Β,!∀∋&4(/&∃−!Ζ∃2!χ∃/0(#!?ΖΒχΒΑ,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΩΒ!

Ε!ΦΧΚΧϑΡ]Ζ! χΧγΜψΝ∀_,! ∀/&0β!ϑ(24/&%∗0&72!∃!−∃! Μ+(/∆∃!

∋+−!Ν+8(0&(!λ∗/∆∋&0(,!λ∗/∆#4∃!∀∋&4(/+#!∀ΒΡΒγΒΚΒ,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΗΒ!

Ε!ΦΧΚΧϑΡ]Ζ!χΧγΜψΝ∀_,!∀/&0Β∀Κ∃!0(25+/#&72!;!−∃!2∗−&∋∃∋!

∋+−!2+8(0&(! ≅∗/∆∋&0(Β!Θρ!+∋Β,! ΧγΧ!∀∋&4(/+#!∀ΒΡΒγΒΚΒ,! Κ&6∃,!

ΗΙΙΗΒ!

Ε4!

Ε! ΦΡ__]γσΖΖ],! Χ−+##∃2∋/(β! λ∗#4&0&∃,! ϑ(2#4&4∗0&72! ;!

Φ−∗/∃−(,!Θρ!+∋Β,!Φ∃−+#4/∃!∀∋&4(/+#!ΖΒΧΒϑΒ,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙςΒ!

+, γ]χ∀γ]! χ]ΝΜ∀Ζ,! ν/∃20(! λ∃5&+/β! ϑ∗/#(! ∋+−! ∃04(!

≅∗/∆∋&0(,!Θρ!+∋Β,!∀∋&4(/&∃−!Κ&%/+/∆∃!Φ(/4(0∃//+/(,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΤΒ!

Ε!Ζϑ]πΝΧχΡπΚΡ],!γ+2∃4(β!ϑ(24/&%∗0&72!∃!−∃!Μ+(/∆∃!∋+−!

Ν+8(0&(!λ∗/∆∋&0(,! +∋&0&72,! 4/∃∋∗00&72! ;!2(4∃#!∋+!Κ+;##+/!

ΚΒ!Κ+(2,!∀∋&4(/∃!λ∗/∆∋&0∃!π/&≅−+;,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΥΒ!

Ε! ΜΧ∴]Χ.Χ! ϑυγ.]ηΧ,! Κ&

λ∗/∆∋&0(,!Ηρ! +∋Β,! ∀∋&4(/∃! λ∗/∆∋&0(! πγΡλΚ∀ο! ∀ΒΡΒγΒΚΒ,!Κ&6∃,!

ΗΙΙΗΒ!

Ε!ΜΧ∴]Χ.Χ!ϑυγ.]ηΧ,!Κ&Χ04(!λ∗/∆∋&0(,!Ν+8(0&(!

λ∗/∆∋&0(!;!ϑ(24/∃4(,!Θρ!+∋Β,!∀∋&4(/∃!λ∗/∆∋&0∃!π/&≅−+;!∀ΒΡΒγΒΚΒ,!

Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΗΒ!

Ε!ΜΧΝΜΧΚ∀υΝ!].Χγ,!γ+;2∃−∋(!χ∃/&(β!ΟΚ∃!&2+Γ+20&∃!

+2! +−! ∃24+3/(;+04(! ∋+−! ϑ7∋&8(! ∀∗/(3+(! ∋+! ϑ(24/∃4(#Π,!

Η∗−∗.=∃∀0∀Ι/38)∃∀ Υ∃.)/2,!∃/4∆0∗−(!3∗%−&0∃∋(!+2!−∃!ω+%!3(/,!

χ∃8∆#4+/!+2!.+/+01(!ϑ&5&−!;!ϑ(6+/0&∃−,!Χε(!ς,!Νρ!Θς,!ΗΙΙΨΒ!

Ε! Μ]γγ∀Ζ! ηθΖ}σ∀_,! Χ2∆%∃−β! Χ04(! λ∗/∆∋&0(,! Ηρ! +∋Β,!

∀∋&4(/&∃−!Ρ.∀χΖΧ,!Κ&6∃,!ΗΙΙΘΒ!

Ε!ηΡ.ΧΚ!γΧχΡγ∀_,!ν+/2∃2∋(β!∀−!∃04(!≅∗/∆∋&0(,!π∃0+4∃!

λ∗/∆∋&0∃!∀∋&4(/+#,!Κ&6∃,!Θ[[ΨΒ!

Ε! _σΖχΧΝ! ΜΡΝχΧΝ,! Ζ∗#∃2∃! ;! .∀! ΚΧ! Φσ∀ΝΜ∀! ο!

ηΧΚΚ∀,!χ∃2∗+−β!ΟΧ24+3/(;+04(!Ζ∗#4&4∗4(/&(!∋+!−(#!Χ04(#!

λ∗/∆∋&0(#Π,!Φ/(;+04(#! ;! Χ24+3/(;+04(#!∋+!−∃!γ+=(/6∃! ∋+−!

ϑ7∋&8(!ϑ&5&−,!ν(2∋(!∀∋&4(/&∃−!∋+!−∃!Φ(24&=&0&∃!σ2&5+/#&∋∃∋!

ϑ∃47−&0∃!∋+−!Φ+/>,!ΜΒ!ΡΡ,!Κ&6∃Β!!

Para continuar leyendo

Solicita tu prueba

Los suscriptores pueden acceder a la versión informada de este caso.

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de toda la legislación y jurisprudencia citada de un documento.

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de todos los documentos que citan el caso

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de todas los versiones de la ley con las distintas afectaciones

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver todas las afectaciones de un caso

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden acceder a una representación visual de un caso y sus relaciones con otros casos. Como alternativa a las listas de casos, el Mapa de Precedentes facilita la tarea de encontrar que caso tienes más relevancia en tu búsqueda. Al mismo tiempo también tendrás una referéncia del grado de aceptación del caso.

Request your trial

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

Los suscriptores pueden ver una lista de resultados conectados a su documentos vía tópicos y citas encontradas por Vincent.

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Accede a más de 120 millones de documentos de más de 100 países, incluida la mayor colección de legislación, jurisprudencia, formularios y libros y revistas legales.
Miles de fuentes de datos

Actualizado cada día, vLex reúne contenido de más de 750 proveedores dando acceso a más de 2500 fuentes legales y de noticias de los proveedores líderes del sector.
Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Gracias a una avanzada Inteligencia Artificial desarrollada por vLex, enriquecemos editorialmente la información legal para hacerla accesible, incluyendo traducción instantánea a 14 idiomas para garantizar el acceso a la información y la capacidad de efectuar búsquedas comparativas.
Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Fundado hace más de 20 años, vLex proporciona contenido de alta calidad y un servicio muy intuitivo para abogados, despachos, instituciones gubernamentales y universidades de derecho alrededor del mundo

La figura que supuestamente oscurecería el ordenamiento jurídico: a propósito de la diferencia entre la inexistencia y nulidad del negocio o acto jurídico

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados

Regístrate para una prueba y aprovechar al máximo nuestro servicio, incluidos estos beneficios.

¿Por qué debería darme de alta en vLex?

Más de 100 países

Miles de fuentes de datos

Encuentra rápidamente lo que necesitas

Más de 2 millones de usuarios registrados