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Consideraciones acerca de los efectos dañosos del dumpling y sus implicancias

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Vincent
AutorDaniel Schmerler Vainsteir
Páginas95-116
Daniel Schmerler Vainstein
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** Sumilla redactada por el autor.
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3 ALVAREZ AVENDAÑO, Juan Antonio y Claudio LIZANA ANGUITA. “Dumping y Competencia Desleal
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 CABANELLAS, Guillermo. “El Dumping: Legislación Argentina y Derecho Comparado”. Buenos Aires:
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Dumping y los Subsidios Gubernamentales”. Tesis sustentada en la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León,
México. 2003. p. 8.
Daniel Schmerler Vainstein
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 Acuerdo relativo a la aplicación del artículo VI del Acuerdo General sobre Aranceles Aduaneros y Comercio
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el conjunto de los productores nacionales de los productos similares, o aquellos de entre ellos cuya producción
conjunta constituya una proporción importante de la producción nacional total de dichos productos. (...)”.
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determinar la existencia de importaciones a precios de dumping u objeto de subvención, así como los efectos
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Comisión, hecha por una empresa o grupo de empresas que representen cuando menos el 25% de la
producción nacional total del producto de que se trate il6 EZG?:LBL>LGN>LMKH7
 $# $# $% $9 $ $&!*$&$!$
98
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
@'AI8B"&
"%4-*&%2*%$#-+,/%/(2*+(28("#-* %*&%*%B("#%",.)*
?I' A' 1':'@' " 8" "9" &' 8" @
"%3<: class="_ _1"> %':B@"8 &'8 >@'A':B'"@D%I8
O ?I' &'A"@@<88"@'9
3 A' 'AB"$8'%'?I' 2" 'N3AC&@#%C%"
/(* /$'8,)3* ;$(* 3()(+%*/%>-* %* &%* ,)/$2#+,%*
&-"%&@* &%* "-)2("$()",%* 2(+?*&%* ,'8-2,",.)* /(*
83:1
;$(*2(* %8&,"%+?)* %*&-2* B$#$+-2*,)3+(2-2* /(* &%*
9'@%"&'@4""89'@%"&
3:1[ &' %<:>
%<: :>'@I":"@* 2-)* '(/,/%2*
&'AC:"&"A " %
1':'@"&"A ': '8 9'@%"&@#%C%"A
&' &I9>3:1 O C':': 8" :"BI@"8'P" &'
$)%* '$%5* I-* ;$(* 2(* 4$2"%* %&* ,'8-)(+*
&'@'%23:1 " 8" 39>
&' &'B'@93:"&" 9'@%"&'@4" 'A 1':'@"@ I:
@'A1I"@&"@" '8 %<8'%CL@
)%",-)%&(2H*(2#%* 8+-#("",.)*2(* &-3+%*%&*
3:1@'A"@8>@'%3
@'%<:ab class="_ _1"> 93A9 h%<: class="_ _1"> 3:%8IA3=:
&'8 39>
&'@'%23:1["1@'1"&@'%3
'N>@#%C%"
&'8&I9>3:1i A'31I"8" "89': ">@
"8 L"8"4A
&' O>'@93B' "A4?I' A'%<: class="_ _1"> I:
8+(",-*/(*"-'8(#()",%*&(%&@* /(*'-/-* #%&*;$(*
A':'IB@"83P"8"L'&"&" >@#%C%"':?I'L':4"
3:%I@@3':&
>@"4A%<:>3:1^
3:'9$"@1<['A:'%'A"@3BI"@8"A"8L'&"&
/(* ;$(@*()* (&* "%2-* 8(+$%)-*)-* 8+-"(/(+?*&%*
">83%"%3=:&'&'@'%23:1[A3'A?I'
(&*'%+3()*/(*/$'8,)3*(2*/(*,'-&,&4h'A&'%3@[
>@'>@'A':B"CL>39>83%"@I:"&3)'@':%3"
&' 9':
>@@'%3%3=:"8'@Ji
2,*(2*;$(*(&*:-&$'()*/(* &%2*,'8-+#%",-)(2*/(*
8>3:1'A3:A31:3+%":B'
h>@':&'@9':'83:1@'A
$3':'AA3938"@'A"8>"4Ai105*
:B'A &' ':B@"@ ': 9"B'@3"[ 'AC9"9
-8-+#$)-*'()",-)%+*;$(*()*(&*"%2-* /(&*0(+1@*
&%*%$#-+,/%/*)%",-)%&*"-'8(#()#(*8%+%*%8&,"%+*
&%2* )-+'%2* ;$(* +(3$&%)* &-2* ,)2#+$'()#-2*
/(* /(B()2%* "-'(+",%&* 8%+%* "-++(3,+* &%2*
&3AB@#%C%"A &'A8'"8'A
/(* "-'(+",-* ,)#(+)%",-)%&* 3()(+%)* ()* &%*
%<9>'B':%3" h3:%8I3&@
&'3:L'AC1"%3=: ':9"B'@3" &'&I9>3:1i[ 'A
8" <93A3=: &' 3A%"83P"%3=: &' I9>3:1 O
I$A3&3'@B':'%3':B'
"8 :ACBIB
<9>'B':%3"O&'@3'&"&
:B'8'%BI"8hi^ A >'@C:':B'3:&3%"@
"&'9#A?I' 8"A &'%3A3<: class="_ _1"> 'N>3&" &3%2"
<93A3=:[A<:>"A3$8'A &'">'8"%3=: >"@"A'@
@'AI'8B"A ': A'1I:&" O &'+:3CL" 3:AB":%3"
"&93:3AB@"CL" >
<9>'B':%3"11&'8@3$I:"8&'8^
))M, #+,-'d., (.F., #+#F#%&.,%#(#$'\
").,!'"',+',"#!"#$)*%,-#+,-1F!)%3
W%&*"-'-* 7%*
A<8" 'N3AB':%3" &' I:" >@#%C%"&' &I9>3:1
()* &-2* %"#-2* /(* "-'(+",-*,)#(+)%",-)%&* 8%+%*
;$(* &%* ',2'%* 2(%* +(8+,',/%@* 2,)-* ;$(* /(*
B-+'%* )("(2%+,%@* K2#%* /(4(* -"%2,-)%+* $)*
&";
':C':&'"8&";'89"@%8"8'13A8"%3=:
":C&I9>3:1[ %<9
2$B+(* $)%* ,)/$2#+,%* )%",-)%&* 8-+* (B("#-2*/(&*
/$'8,)3*/(*&-2*8+-/$"#-2*,'8-+#%/-25
<: :>@'%3A3=:[ I388'@9
3:&3%" ?I' b8" 3:L'AC1"%3=:@'8"CL" "8 &";
#+%#%* /(* (:%&$%+* "-'-* &%* 4%=%* /(* 8+(",-2@*
%<:acbicl>3:1[ @'>'@%IB' A
8" "%CL3&"& 8
2$* 8-2,4,&,/%/* /(* +(%"",.)* ()* (&* B$#$+-@* %&*
@'L'@C@A'8"A3BI"%3=:&'$"6"&'>@'%3125
C)* &%* )-#%* %&* 8,K* )1'(+-* F* /(&* !"$(+/-*
:C&I9>3:1A'3:&3%"?I'>"@"')'%B
"8%":%'A&' 8": 8"A>@#%C%"A
/(*/$'8,)3*2(*"-)2,/(+%+?*"-'-*/%>-*%O
a) V)* /%>-* ,'8-+#%)#(* "%$2%/-* %* $)%*
+%'%*/(*8+-/$"",.)*)%",-)%&H*
 KM\E >MH .NIK>FH +( GHKF: F>=B:GM> E: JN> L> :IKH;^ >E ->@E:F>GMH =>E
Acuerdo Antidumping.
10 L\EH>LM:;E><>>E:KM\E>MH.NIK>FH+(
11 En la actualidad, el rol de segunda instancia del citado Tribunal en temas de competencia (exceptuando lo
relativo a Protección al Consumidor) recae en la Sala de Defensa de la Competencia Número1.
12 ) ''."NBEE>KFH*I
Daniel Schmerler Vainstein
%B$#/7156,.//4/-023
99
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
b) V)%* %'()%A%* /(* /%>-* ,'8-+#%)#(* %*
$)%*+%'%*/(*8+-/$"",.)*)%",-)%&H*-*
c) V)* +(#+%2-* ,'8-+#%)#(*()* &%* "+(%",.)*
/(*(2#%*+%'%*/(*8+-/$"",.)5
3938"@ "8%":%' "%'@%" &'8 %<:b>
%<:>B
tx &'8 '%@'B@'913
O ': '8 "@D%I8
<9I:3&"&:&3:"^
AIL'P[%"$'9':%3<: class="_ _1"> |
&'8'%@'B@'9 tvve|te@*+(/%"#%/-*
':B(@93:"@':B'9':B'9#A@'AB@3%CL
2(* ,)/,"%* ;$(* 8-/+?* (2#%4&("(+2(* /(+("
":C&I9>3:1 " 8" 39>
8+-/$"#-* %* 8+(",-* /(* /$'8,)3@* "$%)/-* (&&%*
"%$2(@* -* %'()%"(* "%$2%+@* 8(+=$,",-* %* $)%*
8+-/$"",.)*()*(&*0(+15*
C2* '()(2#(+* 2(>%&%+* ;$(@* /(* "-)B-+',/%/*
"-)* (&* "+,#(+,-* (2#%4&(",/-* 8-+* &%* 8+-8,%*
@1":3P"%3=:I:&3"8 &'8 <9'@%3
8"A "IB'B':B'A 3:L'AC1I':
8" >@#%C%" &'
/$'8,)3@*/(4()*#()(+* 8+(2()#(@*()*&-*;$(* %&*
/%>-*"-)",(+)(@*&-*2,3$,()#(]bh_i%I":&
B(@93:"@'%' ': '8 %I'@&
&I9>3:1 A3: %"83+%"%3=:[ "$"@%" B
)
"9':"P"&'&"; 39>
(&* +(#+%2-* ,'8-+#%)#(*()* (&* (2#%4&(",',()#-*
/(*$)%*+%'%*/(*8+-/$"",.)5
8 ">83%"@ 'AB" &'+:3%3=: "8 >#@@")
&'8 "@D%I8
3:L'AC1"%3=: &' &";
39>
@'B@"A@':&'@# I:'N"9':
"%3<:>
-4=(#-* /(* /$'8,)3* 7* /(&* (B("#-* /(* K2#%2*
()* &-2* 8+(",-2* /(* 8+-/$"#-2* 2,',&%+(2* ()* (&*
9'@%"&
+(8(+"$2,.)*/(* (2%2*,'8-+#%",-)(2* 2-4+(*&-2*
8+-/$"#-+(2* )%",-)%&(2* /(* (2-2* 8+-/$"#-2N5*
#@@")
v '8 ?I' @31' b'8 'N"9':&' 8" @'>'@%IA3=:
/(* &%2* ,'8-+#%",-)(2* -4=(#-* /(* /$'8,)3*
2-4+(* &%* +%'%* /(* 8+-/$"",.)* )%",-)%&N5* C)*
+(2$'()@*8-+*&-*#%)#-@*&-2*B%"#-+(2*/(&*8?++%B-*
w &'8 "@D%I8
3:L'AC1"%3=:[ 3:&'>':&3':B'9':B' &' 8"
9":3)'AB"%3=:>"@C%I8"@&'&";
A'"
C)* &-* ;$(* +(28("#%* %&* :-&$'()* /(* &%2*
,'8-+#%",-)(2@* &%* %$#-+,/%/* "-'8(#()#(*
/(4(+?* #()(+* ()* "$()#%* 2,*
"I9':B
#K+',)-2* %42-&$#-2* -* ()* +(&%",.)* "-)* &%*
>@"4A39>^
C)* "$%)#-* %&* ,'8%"#-*2-4+(* &-2* 8+-/$"#-+(2*
:"%3<:>
#()(+* ()* "-)2,/(+%",.)* 2,*
A31:3+%"CL" AI$L"8@'%3
&%2* ,'8-+#%",-)(2* -4=(#-* /(* /$'8,)3* ()*
"-'8%+%",.)* "-)* (&* 8+(",-* /(* $)* 8+-/$"#-*
A3938"@&'8 >"4A 39> '8 ')'%B
#%&(2* ,'8-+#%",-)(2* (2*
9@'%3
,'8(/,+* ()* &%* ',2'%* '(/,/%@* &%* 2$4,/%* /(*
8+(",-*;$(*()*-#+-*"%2-*2(*-/$",/-5
I-* %)#(+,-+* /(4(* 2(+* ()#()/,/-* "-'-*
&-2* B%"#-+(2* %* #-'%+* ()* "$()#%* 8%+%* &%*
/(#(+',)%",.)*/(&*/%>-@*(2#-*(2@*2,*2(*+(3,2#+.*
$)*%$'()#-*"-)2,/(+%4&(*/(*&%2*,'8-+#%",-)(2*
-4=(#-*/(*/$'8,)3*()*(&*'(+"%/-*8(+$%)-*7*2,*
8-+*#%&(2*(B("#-2@*(2*/(",+*&-2*/(&*/$'8,)3@*&-2*
8+(",-2*/(*(2#%2*,'8-+#%",-)(2*/,2',)$7(+-)*7*
2(*$4,"%+-)*8-+*/(4%=-*/(*&-2*8+(",-2*)%",-)%&(2*
7*/(*&-2*/(*8+-/$"#-2*/(*-#+%2*8+-"(/()",%2@*/(*
#%&*B-+'%*;$(*-4&,3%/-*%*&-2*8+-/$"#-+(2*
)%",-)%&(2*/(*4,()(2*2,',&%+(2*%*/,2',)$,+*2$2*
8+(",-2*-*%*'%)#()(+&-2*()*$)*),:(&*,)B(+,-+*%*
&-2*;$(*2(*
B"8'A>@#%C%"A^
P#+-* B%"#-+* ,'8-+#%)#(* 8%+%* /(#(+',)%+* &%*
'N3AB':%3" &'8 &";
(&* "+(",',()#-* /(* &%2* ,'8-+#%",-)(2* -4=(#-*
13 Reglamento sobre medidas antidumping que regula en el Perú las disposiciones previstas en el Acuerdo
GMB=NFIBG@=>E:*(:L\FHEHLIKH<>=BFB>GMHL=>BGO>LMB@::=HL>G>E+>K`IHKIKW=>
dumping en los productos exportados hacia el Perú originarios o procedentes de países miembros de la OMC.
 ->@E:F>GMH => EHL IKH<>=BFB>GMHL => BGO>LMB@: =NFIBG@ >G >E +>K` K>LI>
IKH=N=>GM>L =>I:\L>LJN>GH LHGFB>F;KHL=>E:*( )^M>L>:=>FWLJN>>LM>
dispositivo antecede en tres años al Acuerdo Antidumping de la OMC.
 ':LIHG=>:E $G?HKF>2/.->FBMB=H =>:@HLMH=> IHK>E"KNIH LI>
=>LB@G:=HIHK>EsK@:GH =>.HENB?>K>G E:*(:LHEB =>/NKJN\::>?>>O:EN:K
E:LF>=B=:L:GMB=NFIBG@=>oGBMBO:L:IEB<: class="_ _0">:NMHKB=:=>L=> @BIMH:E:L;:KK:L=>K>?N>KSH=>:<>KH
IKH<>=>GM>L=>/NKJN\:I
 $# $# $% $9 $ $&!*$&$!$
100
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
/(*/$'8,)3* 7* 2$2*8+(",-2* $)*
/(#(+,-+-*()*&-2*8+,)",8%&(2* ,)/,"%/-+(2*/(*&%*
3:&IAB@3":"%3<: class="_ _1"> %<9 %"4&"':8"A
:()#%2@*/(*&%*8+-/$"",.)@*$)%*/,2',)$",.)*()*
8" IC83P"%3=: &' 8" %">"%3&"&&' >@
3:AB"8"&"[')'%B:'1"CL'8/I6%"6"[
/(&* "+(",',()#-@* /(* &%* "%8%",/%/* /(* +($),+*
"%8,#%&*-* ,):(+2,.)@*/(&* ),:(&*/(* ('8&(-*7* /(*
8"AIC83&"&'A5
8 6I@4&3%'@I": A31I3':&
&%* 8%$#%* /(* &%* 3()(+%&,/%/* /(* &%2* )-+'%2*
'N3AB':B'A ': '8 %<:b class="_ _0">'@:"%3<:>
+(;$,(+(* ;$(* (&* /%>-@* ()* "$%)#-* "-)/,",.)*
)("(2%+,%* 8%+%* &%* ,'8-2,",.)* /(* /(+("
":C&I9>3:1[ A'" I:" &' 8"A %"@"%B'@4AC%"A
,'8-+#%)#(25*Q-* 8$(/(* /(=%+*/(* -42(+:%+2(@*
2,)* ('4%+3-@* ;$(* $)%* :(A* %)%&,A%/-* (&*
%<:>B &"; 8" &3AC:%3=:':B@' &";
39>
$)%* )%#$+%&(A%* '()-2* +(&(:%)#(* %8%+("(*
%<9'%B
(2* /(",+@*(&* %)?&,2,2* )-2* '$(2#+%* ;$(* -* 4,()*
(&* /$'8,)3*
2("#-+* 2$8$(2#%'()#(* 8(+=$/,"%/-@* -* K2#%*
A' 9":C':' A"@"
,'8$&2%+*(&*"$+2-*/(*&%*8+-/$"",.)*%*'(/,%)-*
7* &%+3-* 8&%A-5* C)* %&3$)%2* -"%2,-)(2@* 8-/+?*
@'%I@@3@A' " 8" IC83P"%3=: &' 8" >"IB" 8'1"8
+(B(+,/%*%*&%*'%3),#$/*/(&*/%>-*8%+%*/(2"%+#%+*
",(+#%2* 8+(#()2,-)(2* /(* ,'8-)(+* /(+("
":C&I9>3:1^
' 9
:C&I9>3:1':AI:I9'@"8v^x'AB"$8'%'?I'
/(*B-+'%*)("(2%+,%@*/(4(+?*%"+(/,#%+2(*;$(*
2,/-*/,+("#%'()#(*8-+* (B("#-*7*"-)2("$()",%*
&' 8" >@#%C%" &'8 &I9>3:1 ':I:%3"&
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 /:E>EGNF>K:E=>EK=HGMB=NFIBG@EJN>:=>FWLG>E:KM\E
>MH.NIK>FH+(R>E:KM\E:>E:HFNGB=:=G=BG:
17 FH=H=>>C>FIEH<:>E<:lh> E:BGO>LMB@:GH=>E:]H IHKE:HFBLB^G
de Fiscalización de Dumping y Subsidios del INDECOPI en atención al pedido formulado por la empresa
IKH=NKN:G:HKIHK:R.:>?>JN>L>:IEBJN>=>K>oGBMBOHLLH;K>
EHLKK>L =>F:EE>K: IKH<>=>GM>L=> /:BPWG':HFBLB^G K> LHEB =BHIHK M>KFBG:=H>E
<:lh>=B:GM> ->LHEN !$) *+$>FBMB=: >E => =BF;K> => :E GHA:;>KL>
determinado daño a la Rama de la Producción nacional como consecuencia de las importaciones. Entre las
consideraciones de la Comisión para adoptar su decisión estuvieron las siguientes:
 NK:GM>>EI>K\H=H=>BGO>LMB@:LM:BP:G>L:L=>KK>L=>F:EE>K:>QI>KBF>GM:KHG
una reducción de su volumen.
 ':LL:=>FWLLN?KB>KHGNG:K>=N<GLNI:KMBG>EF>K<:>
>G>E:]H:>G>E:]H
 .B;B>G=NK:GM> >EI>K\H=H=> BGO>LMB@:L H;C>MH=>=NFIBG@ BG@K>L:KHG:E+>K`IHK
debajo del precio de venta de la Rama de la Producción Nacional, esta última logró incrementar ligeramente,
=>E:ELNLIK>O>GM:
 .>:=OBKMB^E:>QBLM>G?:L=BLMBGMHL:E:LBFIHKM:LH;C>MH=>=NFIBG@JN>IH=\:G>QIEB<:k>E
deterioro experimentado en los indicadores económicos de la Rama de la Producción Nacional, tales como la
caída de las ventas de la denunciante Corporación Rey S.A., así como la contracción de la demanda nacional
de cierres de cremallera y que afectó, incluso en mayor medida, a las importaciones taiwanesas investigadas.
Daniel Schmerler Vainstein
%B$#/7156,.//4/-023
101
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
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