La transparencia en el arbitraje inversionista. Estado
Autor | Italo Carrano Tarrillo, Gonzalo Bonifaz Tweddle |
Páginas | 141-166 |
%B$#/7156,.//4/-023
141
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
Italo Carrano Tarrillo
Gonzalo Bonifaz Tweddle
+',&"'%$!'"#%()',#%,#+,'"C)&"'a#,)%0#"$).%)$&'\#$&'-.
)DB68,(B>>B98,&B>>E668*
389@B68,C89E7B@*&f**
#[,NE8,;,,
D:+ 4 + +- :- 4&45,
&,!%.+!,0%"(!;3 6N?=#3 .03 0%"$0%&,!3
,02$)!1!3)!3&,!%.+!,0%"(!30%3)#.3&,!&!1#.3
.#',03(%:0,.(#%0.3"0)0',!1#.3+#,30)3<. class="_ _0">&!1#3
13:-/C D:+ 4 + 3/+ :- ,&:4
N$,(!0310%&,#310)3!,'(&,!A0;3
-+134-537:+/+/4:5/344/46--
2: 4& &- 4 -6- + 53-413-&
"#=#3+,(%"(+(#3 10)3!,'(&,!A0>3 0%3&!% 0.3
/-"-&+ ? 13&
-/ 34:+5 /335E ? 2: 1-3
+4 3$+4 41'"4 2: 4 %?-
45+&/ 13 4: /-:&0-H 4'E -
0)3 =!,"#3 103 )#.3 !,'(&,!A0.3 (%:0,.(#%(.&!@
<.>
8$03 ,08$(0,!%3 0)3 0.&!')0"(=(0% 103
0-"0+"(#%0.3!3)!3&,!%.+!,0%"(!3&!%+!,!3
0)3 !""0.#3 *3 +$')("!"(?%3 103 1#"$=0%.>3
/,/ 13 + 136&1&0- 533/4
:3-5+4:&-&4H
* Abogado. Magister en Derecho (LL.M.) por la Universidad de Nueva York. Socio del Estudio Payet, Rey,
:NOB;H@:=HL #: LB=H :LHKG:G E:L Ho :OBL +HED 2:K=P>EE )N>O: 4HKD
R>G!NE;KB@AM%:PHKLDB#HNLMHG
** BIEHFWMB FB>F;KH=>E:->IK>L>GM:^G+>KF:G>GM>=>E+>K`:GM>E:L):G>L0GB=:L>G)N>O:4HKD
Ex miembro de THEMIS
%#$!##%#'#$ $%$%
142
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
)M, ('"'("/$&)('$, -#+, '"C)&"'a#,
V
(.%,+',&"'%$!'"#%()'
I@":B'8 J8C9 8"%<:>
O >@3L"%3&"& &' 8
AB"&1* 7* 2(*
2""$3'@B % I:"
'%7-+* #+%)28%+()",%2^ AB" 3:3%3"CL"[ ?I'
:,()(* #%)#-* /(* &%* 2-",(/%/* ",:,&* "-'-* 8-+*
8%+#(* /(* %&3$)-2* C2#%/-2@*
,'8-+#%)#(* ,'8$&2-* 7@*()* (&* "-+#-* 8&%A-@*
835*
C&&-* %*2(>%&%+*;$(*(&*/(4%#(* 7%*)-*
A' ':%<:b b>B"@ I:" 9"O
#+%)28%+()",%@*8-2,",.)* ;$(* ()* 3+%)* '(/,/%*
@* 2,)-* ()* &%2*
"-)/,",-)(2* ;$(* 2(* /(4()* (2#%4&("(+* 8%+%*
>8'9':B"@8" &' 9":'@"'+%3':B' O
2,)*'%7-+(2*"-2#-25*
8 @'A>'%B
8" @1":3P"%3=: >"@" 8" '@"%3=: O '8
'A"@@
?I' I:" 9"O"@':%3" @'AI8B"@4"
&'A'"$8' >"@" )
%"(8#%",.)*814&,"%*/(&*%+4,#+%=(*,)#(+)%",-)%&*
&'3:L'@A3<: class="_ _0">A393A9"@B'
&%*-8,),.)* /(*;$(*/(4,/-* %*;$(*&-2* 8+-"(2-2*
%4-+/%)* %28("#-2* /(* ,)#(+K2* 814&,"-@* 2(*
&'$'@4">'@93C@ 8" >"@C%3>"%3=: &' B'@%'@"A
%B$#/7156,.//4/-023
143
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
Italo Carrano Tarrillo
Gonzalo Bonifaz Tweddle
8%+%* /-#%+* %* (2#(* 8+,'(+-* /(* $)* 2,2#('%*
?I'@'1I8' AIB@":A>"@':%3"^:%8IA3L'[ A'2"
A';"8"&%<: class="_ _0">>@3L"%3&"&7*
2-)@* 8+(",2%'()#(@* $)%* /(* &%2* 3+%)/(2*
:()#%=%2* /(&* 2,2#('%* /(* %+4,#+%=(* "-'(+",%&*
2,()/-* (2#%* 8+(',2%@* 8%+%*%&3$)-2@* #%'4,K)*
">83%"$8'"8"@$3B@"6'3:L'@A3<:3ab class="ff6 fs7 ls4 v1">85*
3: '9$"@1
'AB"> )"L %<:>
O >@3L"%3&"&i L3':': A3':&5*
C)#+(*&%2*+%A-)(2*;$(* 2$2#()#%)*(2#(*+("
': '8 9"@%
AB"&
&-2* %"#-+(2* ,):-&$"+%/-2* ()* (&* %+4,#+%=(*
h>
AB"&
B':'@ I: 1@": 3:B'@(A >J$83%"%3&"&
+(3$&%#-+,%* /(&* C2#%/-@* ,'8%"#-* ()* (&*
'(/,-* %'4,()#(@* +("$+2-2* (2#+%#K3,"-2@*
':B@' '@93C@4" " 8" %3I&"&":4"
"-)#%+* "-)* $)* '(/,-* /(* "-)#+-&* B+()#(* %&*
"%%3<:>J$83%" h':
%"A
"-++$8",.)10[ ':B@'
$)%*'%7-+* "-)2,2#()",%*()* &%2*/(",2,-)(2*/(*
$)%*'%7-+*"-)-",',()#-*/(* &-2*?+4,#+-2*7*/(*
AIA>
9"O
&'8 >@
&' A"e
C2#%/-*()*3()(+%&115
ni siquiera conozca su existencia. Cuando se trata de derechos humanos o de otros intereses públicos,
E: MK:GLI:K>G;>K\: L>K >E IKBGKCN=B<:k class="_ _2"> : E: E>@\MBF: GK
Informe del Representante Especial del Secretario General sobre la cuestión de los derechos humanos y las
>FIK>L:LMK:GLG:LR HMK:L>FIK>L:LKL%HAG-N@@B>#- k/ABLIMH?
IKBO:GMB:EBMRHKB@BG:M>LIKBF:KBER?KHFMA>?HNG=:MBHG:ENG=>KIBGGBG@LH?BGM>KG:MBHG:EKKM:BGIKBO:GMB:EBMRKB@AMLl
GMB:EBMRH?>OB=>G :G=MHL>MME> HG:GMB:E;:LBL A:O>;>>GI>KBO>=:L
arbitration, but it has also to a considerable extent been translated into the investment context. Investment
arbitral proceedings frequently rely on the same procedural rules that govern commercial arbitration, and
LEVINE, Eugenia. “Amicus Curiae in international investment arbitration: The implications of an increase in
MABK=I:KMRI:KMBKD>E>R%HNKG:EH?$GM>KG:MBHG:E':PIk2A>G:LM:M>HKLM:M>>GMBMRHK
:G>F:G:MBHGH?MA>LM:M>BLBGOHEO>=BG:G:K;BMK:MBHG:L:I:KMRMA>LBMN:MBHGBGK>LI>GMB:EBMR:G=
third party participation is different from the one described in relation to international commercial arbitration
6i7/A> P>EE DGHPG :E;>BM O:KB:;ER =>GL> GMB:EBMR BG BGM>KG:MBHG:E KL GHM
have a direct equivalent in international trade and investment dispute settlement”. MISTELIS, Loukas.
kHGo=>GMB:EBMR:G=MABK=I:KMR I:KMBKG:MBHG:EIIR4)).(''
:MA>KBG> k/K:GLI:K>GLMHKLM:M> =BLINM> L>MME>F>GM IKH=NK>Ll
* 2HKDBG@+:I>KLHG$GM>KG:MBHG:E$GO>LMF>GM
7 kE>:KER MA>K> BL GHMABG@ H;C> :;HNM GMB:E IKH>=BG@L BG MA> IKBO:M> :K;BMK:MBHG QM
MA><:i: class="_ _2"> MH:K;BMK:M>BGIKBO:M> BL:LB@GBo<:gm class="_ _2"> :=O:GM:@>H?LN /A>:;BEBMRMH F:BGM:BGMA>
MH>?oGM:G=>??>:K;BMK:MBHG $MBLMA>K>?HK>LHF>PA:MBKHGB PA:MP:LMHNM>=:LHG>H?MA> F:BG
:=O:GM:@>LH?K:K;BMK:MBHGBLGHPL>>G:L:EB:;BEBMRBGBGO>LMHK.M:M>:K;BMK:MBHGQMl&$)) -
(>@k/K:GLI:K>GLMHK.M:M>=BLINM>L>MME>F>GMl
8 Entre las desventajas, Rubins señala que: “Where parties are free to present their case to the ‘court’ of
IN;EB KBLD H? :;NL> :G= K>IHEBMB:M 6i7 $G MA> PHKLM <:l> :G BGO>LMHK
may initiate arbitration precisely with these effects in mind, hoping to obtain ‘nuisance value’ compensation
through extensive publicity, without regard to the actual merits (or absence thereof) of its claim”. RUBINS,
)H:Ak*I>GBG@MA>BGO>LMF>GM:K;BMK:MBHGIKHLL:MPA:MG>oMl G-$) -#*!())
k/A>$GM>KG:MBHG:EHGO>GMBHGHGMA>.>MME>F>GMH?$GO>LMF>GMBLINM>L$.$/:DBG@LMHKR>:KLl
Germany: Nomos. 2007. p. 218.
Para Delaney y Barstow Magraw las ventajas de la transparencia se dan en los siguientes aspectos: (i) mayor
<:eb class="_ _2"> E:MHF:=> =>LBB?HKM:E>GMH=> O:EHK>L=>FH K>:EBS:=>K>G;BEBM:>E<:kw>KL>MH=>=>M>KFBG:=:BG?HKF:%H:E
humanos, (iii) consistencia, (iv) participación pública, (v) implementación, (vi) rendición de cuentas, (vii)
E>@BMBFB=:=OBBBK>?HKF:=>ELBLM>F:RBQ=>FHLMK:HMKHE:=HEHL:NMHK>LB=>GMBo<:g class="_ _0">E:LLB@NB>GM>L
desventajas: (i) incremento de los costos, (ii) mayor demora para resolver los casos, (iii) compromete la
BARSTOW MAGRAW. “Procedural transparency”. En: MUCHCINSKY, Peter. “The Oxford Handbook of
$GM>KG:MBHG:E$GO>LMF>GM':Pl*Q?HK=*Q?HK=+K>LLII
10 ->LI> K>E:GMK>MK:GLI:K>GG>EF:K=>E!HKH=>HHI>K:
+: IN>=> HFFBMF>GMMH!B@AMHKKNIMBHG :G= GLNK>/K:GLI:K>G
((K>O=>GHOB>F;K>
11 HARRISON, James. “Recent developments to promote transparency and public participation in investment
treaty arbitration”. Working Paper Series. 2010. SCHREUER, Christoph. “The ICSID Convention: A
commentary”. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2012. p. 838. En el asunto Aguas Argentinas S.A.,
Suez, Sociedad General de Aguas de Barcelona y Vivendi Universal S.A. el tribunal señaló que: “Una mayor
%#$!##%#'#$ $%$%
144
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
I%2*+ %A-)(2*% )#(2*2( >%&%/% 2*8$(/( )*&&(:%+*
,)"& $2-* %* " $(2#,-) %+* (&* ' %)#(),' ,()#-*
/(* /- 2* 2,2#( '%2* /,2 #,)#-2 * /(8()/ ,()/-*
/(&* # ,8-* /( * %+4,#+% =(* ;$(* 2 (* 8+(2( )#(@*
(2* /( ",+@* 2,* 2( * #+%#%* / (* $)* %+4 ,#+%=(*
% @%3"8 h ': &<: class="_ _2"> ' '8 AB "& :"
>"@B '': 8"%<: class="_ _2"> B@ 3"i &'3: L'@A3<: class="_ _2"> 'A
h3:L '@A3<:3 class="_ _2"> AB"eA B"& >"@B3% I8"@9' :B'
%I": &
%&3$ )-2* "%2 -2* +(2$& #%* '$7* / ,B$2%12 ^ A4[
2(* 8$ (/(* -42 (+:%+* ; $(* ()* % '4-2* "% 2-2*
(&* C2 #%/ -* 2( * :(* ,) :-& $"+% /-H * (&* - 4=( #-* / (*
&%* "- )#+-:(+ 2,%* 8$( /(* #()( +* $)* ,)# (+K2*
>J$8 3% BI"%3 <: class="_ _2"> A"8I& > J$83%"
': I: " &3)'@ ':%3" A "B ':B'Ai [ 8"
"-)# +-:(+ 2,%* 8 $(/( * 2(+ * +(2$& #%/- * /(* $) %*
"-)/ $"#% * %+4, #+%+ ,%* -* , &(3%& * 8-+* 8 %+#( * /(*
$)* B$ )",-)% +,-* 814 &,"-@* 7 * B,)%&' ()#(* ()*
"$%) #-*%*&%*"-)2, 2#()", %*/(*&%2*/(", 2,-)( 2*7*
&(3, #,',/ %/*/(& *8+-"(2 -*2(*8 $(/()* %8&,"% +*
&%2* ' ,2'%2 * "-)2,/ (+%",-) (2* ()* ,3 $%&*
2()# ,/-*8% +%*%'4 -2*#,8 -2*/(* %+4,# +%=(135
8 @'A>'%B
/(* &%* #+%)28%+()",%* /(4(* 2(+* %#()/,/-* "-)*
'$"
/(&* %+4,#+%=(@* &%* B%%* /(* (2#?)/%+(2* 8%+%*
+(2-&:(+* &%2* 2-&,",#$/(2* /(* ,)#(+:()",.)@*
'8 @3'A1
%<:l i: a3ab a3938>
" 8"A %
B@":A>"@':%3":%<:>B
:3 @'AI8B"&
9#A$3':'A>@ I:'A)I'@PGMB:E;NLBG>LL BG?HKF:MBHGFNLM ;>IKHM>= NG=>KLHF> :K;BMK:MBHGKNE>L GHM>O>G MA>>QBLM>G
apertura y un mayor conocimiento sobre la forma en que se conducen estos procedimientos reforzaría la
aceptación de la opinión pública y la legitimidad del sistema de arbitraje internacional, en particular cuando
involucran a Estados y materias de interés público”. Aguas Argentinas S.A., Suez, Sociedad General de Aguas
=>:KEHG:R 1BO>G=B0GBO>KL:E.OK@>GMBG::LH$$)f- ->LHENGK>LIN>LM::
la petición de transparencia y participación en calidad de *& 20 2/&"=>F:RH=>k==BMBHG:EER
I have expressed concern that when a case is brought under a BIT arbitration procedure the public may
know little or nothing about it. This is at variance with precepts of transparency and good governance. While
of a case against a country is known to its public, let alone its substance. This impedes more responsible
contracting by companies and Governments, and contributes to inconsistent rulings by arbitrators, thereby
undermining the system’s predictability and legitimacy. I am continuing to explore how better to achieve both
BGO>LMHKIKHM> :G=MA>IK>L>KO:MBHG H?IHEB LI:?HKLM:M>L MH?NEoEEMA>BK BGM>KG:MBHG:EANF:GKB@AML
obligations, as well as how to ensure that transparency rules for arbitration procedures are consistent with
what have been widely accepted as standards of good governance”. Statement of the Special Representative
H?MA>0).>M:KR">G>K:EHGMA>BLLN> H?ANF:GKB@AML:G=MK:GLG:MBHG:EK;NLBG>LL
enterprises to the Department of Trade and Industry, South Africa (on its review of Bilateral Investment
/K>:MB>L>GM>K>= BGMH ;R MA> ->IN;EB MH =:M> kK>:MBG@ : IK>LNFIMBHG
that all arbitration is not only transparent to the parties and counsel but also open to the public will assist in
IK>O>GMBHG:G=>K:=B<:mbhg class="_ _2"> MA>JN:EBMRH?:=OH<: class="_ _2"> :G=MA>:K;BMK:EIKHLLBG
@>G>K:E6i7PBEE >GA:GMA>IN;EBKIMBHGH? :K;BMK:MBHG:L:=BLINM>K>LHENMBHG IKHLL:G=PBEEA>EI
promote the trust that is required for liberal free market capitalism to function properly”. MATTHEWS, Joe.
“The case for arbitration rules that presumptively grant public access to all arbitration proceedings”. En:
/K:GLG:MBHG:EBLINM>(:G:@>F>GMk$GIN;EBK>LMK>E:MBG@MHMA>LN;C>KL
at disputes in investment treaty arbitration is generally a legitimate reason to move towards more transparency
BGMA>L>IKH>=BG@L :G=:P:R?KHFGMB:EBMRl ./0(+ !KB>=>KBD>k+:KMB NKB:>BG
BGO>LMF>GMMK>:MR:K;BMK:MBHGl G/K:GLG:MBHG:EBLINM>(:G:@>F>GM k/A>I:KMB LM:M>L
LM:M>L>GMBMB>LLN;=BOBLBHGL:G=:@>GLH?LM:M>LBGBGM>KG:MBHG:E=BLINM>L<:g>:F:MM>KH?@>G>K:EIN;EB
BGM>K>LM:G=LAB?MMA>>FIA:LBL?KHF IKBO:GMB:EBMRMHDGHPE>=@>:G=:=@>
BFIEB>LMA> NL>H?LI>QI>KMB BGMA>?HKFH? :FB?L:G= JN>GMEREBFBM>=GMB:EBMR
while accountability more or less mandates the publication of awards and arbitration at even the interim stages
H?IKH=NK>l($./ '$.'HND:L kHGo=>GMB:EBMR:G=MABK=I:KMRI:KMB $GM>KG:MBHG:E
I
12 +:K:/>BM>E;:NF>L >ENLH=>E IH=>KI`;EB IHKI:KM>=> NG LM:=H EHJN>E> =:NG <:kw>K>LI>
:K;BMK:C>BGO>KLBHGBLM: LM:=H REH=B?>K>G NG:K;BMK:C>=>G:MNK:E>S: KF;:K@HI:K: E:
autora la respuesta a esta demanda no se resuelve, necesariamente, por la vía de establecer una norma sobre
MK:GLI:K>GGEHL :K;BMK:C>LBGO>KLBHGBLM: LM:=HLBGHJN>EH JN>L>=>;>K\:>O:EN:K >LE::K;BMK:;BEB=:=
de ciertas materias (lo que puede ser directamente establecido en los tratados de inversión). TEITELBAUM,
-NMAkEHHD:M MA>IN;EBK>LMBGBGO>LMF>GM:K;BMK:MBHG $LBMNGBJN>2A:MLAHNE= P>=H:;HNMBMl G
>KD>E>R%HNKG:EH?$GM>KG:MBHG:E':PII
13 k/A>K> BGO>LMF>GM MK>:MB>L A:O> @>G>K:EER LI>:DBG@ :=HIM>= MA> P>EE>LM:;EBLA>= FH=>E H? BGM>KG:MBHG:E
commercial arbitration, which involves commercial disputes between private entities and is characterized by
:AB@A=>@K>>H?GMB:EBMR$GO>LMF>GM:K;BMK:MBHGLAHP>O>KBG>OBM:;ERBGOHEO>L:ME>:LMHG>LM:M>PAB
<:g>=>FHKG:G KGL:;HNMMK:GLI:K>G :G=:
(HK>HO>KMA> LN;C>K H? MA> =BLINM> BG BGO>LMF>GM :K;BMK:MBHGL H?M>G K:BL>L BFIHKM:GM IN;EB
BLLN>L6i7!BG:EERLHF>BGO>LMF>G M:K;BMK:MBHGLK:BL>IN;EBKGL LBFIER;ROBKMN>H?MA>:FHNGM
%B$#/7156,.//4/-023
145
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
Italo Carrano Tarrillo
Gonzalo Bonifaz Tweddle
/(*+("-)2,/(+%+*(&*8%8(&*;$(*/(2('8(>%)*&-2*
#+,4$)%&(2*%+4,#+%&(25*
' AI'8' B@"B"@ " 8" %<: o>
8+,:%",/%/* "-'-* 2,* 2(* #+%#%2(*/(* "-)"(8#-2*
6I@4&3%
>@'%3A"@A' ?I' 'N3AB' I:" &3)'@':%3" ':B@'
(2#-2*/-2*"-)"(8#-2*()*+%A.)*/(*2$*)%#$+%&(A%*
' 39>83%":%3"A 6I@4&3%"A^ : 'AB' A':C&
"@<: a b class="_ _0">[ >@3L"%O[ 'L':
,B* /((8&7* (2#%4&,2
'?I"B'B83%"B'A "
8'1"8I$83% &3A%8
A':A3CL'3:)5
" %<: a>
3:)
>@ "A4% 8"%<:>
&'$'@#:"@B'AhO"A'":
>"@B'':'8>@"@C%3>':
': (AB'i %'%B
'%)(=-* 7* /,:$&3%",.)* /(* (2%* ,)B-+'%",.)H*
',()#+%2*;$(* &%* 8+,:%",/%/* ,'8&,"%* (&* %""(2-*
;$(* (&* 814&,"-* 8$(/%* #()(+*%&* %+4,#+%=(* 7* 2$*
>"@C%3>"%3=: h>'@93C':&@
%""(2-*%*&%2*2%&%2*/(*%$/,()",%2*/(&*#+,4$)%&*-*
>@'A':B":&
I%2"A L'%'A A' @'>3B' '8 93B
%+4,#+%=(@*,)/(8()/,()#('()#(* /(&* '%+"-*()*
?I'A'&'A"@@@3:%3>3:+&':%3"8
O >@3L"&8":B"@
;$(* (2#%* 8+(2$)",.)* )-* +(2$%* "-++("#%* 7%*
?I'&'>':&'@#&'8"A@'18"A'A>'%4+%"A?I'A'
4&(",/-*8%+%*2$*"-)/$"",.)5*0+$(4%*
/(*(&&-@*(2*;$(*2,*2(*"-'8%+%)*&%2*&(3,2&%",-)(2*
)%",-)%&(2* -* &-2* /,:(+2-2* 2,2#('%2* %* ),:(&*
,)#(+)%",-)%&*/(* 2-&$",.)* /(*"-)#+-:(+2,%2*2(*
?I''N3AB':&3)'@':B'A">@N39"%3<:>
%&*#('%@*#%)#-*()*2$*%&"%)"(*"-'-*3+%/-5
6%2#%* (&* '-'()#-* 2(*
/,28-2,",-)(2*2-4+(*#+%28%+()",%*()*(&*"%2-*/(*
"@$3B@"6'A3:L'@A3<:3ab class="_ _0">"eAB"&A'">
h3i'8 B@3$I:"8&'%3&3=">83%"@8"AA 8"$"A'
&'AI%'B':%3">"@"@'1I8"@'8>@h33i
K2#%2* 2,/-*"-)#('8&%/%2*()*&-2* W+%#%/-2*
&' @
hAi[ %I'@&8'9':B"%3=:
%<: h>
%">4BI8
8-+* ;$(*
"@$3B@"6' A'8'%%3<: h>8
%"A
>"@"'8@@'18 &'3)'@':%3"A&':L'@A3<:>
f<:l class="ffa fs7 ws6d v1">5*
H? FHG>RBGOHEO>=6i7!HK MA>K>:LHGLMA>K>BL GHP:@>G>K:EG LNLMA:MMA>IN;EB A:L:E>@BMBF:M>
and substantial interest in investment arbitrations involving states”. DELANEY, Joachim y Daniel BARSTOW
MAGRAW. “Procedural transparency”. En: MUCHCINSKY, Peter . “The Oxford Handbook of International
$GO>LMF>GM ':Pl *Q?HK= *Q?HK= +K>LL II +HK LN I:KM> .M>KG A: L>]:E:=H JN> k/A>
question remains whether the trend will continue and target other areas. Will amici curiae also be called upon
MHBGM>KO>G>BG=BLINM>L ;>MP>>GMPHIKBO:M>I:KMB>L)HMABG@LAHNE=IK> MABL?KHFA:II>GBG@B?MA>L>
disputes involve public interests”. STERN, Brigitte. “Civil society’s voice in the settlement of international
>Ll G$.$->OB>PI
SABATER, Anibal. “Toward Transparency in Arbitration”. En: Berkeley Journal of International Law Publicist
II E:NMHKM:F;BZGL>]:E:JN>GHA:R>OB=>GI>KFBM:;:CHE:LGN>O:L
K>@E:L => MK:GLI:K>GL => BGO>KLBHG>L >LMZG LB>G=H K>LN>EMHL => NG: F:G>K: FWL CNLM:
expeditiva o efectiva.
-*):OB=k/A> 0)$/-'K;BMK:MBHG-NE>LGM:KRl*Q?HK=*Q?HK=0GBO>KLBMR +K>LL
p. 33; “Privacy is conceded with limiting the rights of third parties (i.e. persons other than the arbitrators, the
parties and possible witnesses) to attend meetings, hearings and to generally know about or participate in the
:K;BMK:MBHGPABE>GMB:EBMRK>?>KLMHMA>H;EB@:MBHGH?:K;BMK:MHKL:G=MA>I:KMB>LGHMMH=BONE@>BG?HKF:MBHG
K>E:MBG@ MHMA> GMLH? MA>IKH>=BG@L K>E>O:GM =HGMLHK MA>:P:K=L BML>E?l 5* '') -:KE
.>;:LMB:Gk/ABK=+:KMRI:KMB+>KLHGL:G=MK:GLI:K>G BG$.$+KH>=BG@Ll
En: HOFMANN, Rainer Hofmann. “The International Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes
$.$/:DBG@LMHKR>:KLl">KF:GR)HFHLI
“In the absence of transparency provisions in the applicable substantive law, the procedural norms of the
:K;BMK:MBHG ?:M>KFBG> MA> =>@K>> H? HI>GG>LLBG MA> K>LI> IKH>=BG@Ll5* '') - :KE
.>;:LMB:G *IG>K:E MA> L
H?GMB:EBMR H? MA> IKH>=BG@L PBEE ;> =>M>KFBG>=
;HMA;RMA>:IIEB<:>:K;BMK:MBHG KNE>L:G=MA>:@K>>F>GMH?MA>I:KMB>L/ABL F>:GLMA:MMA>K>BL:pH:MBG@
LI>GMB:E GMB:EBMR H;EB@:MBHGL PAB PA>G IKH=NK:E m=>M:BELn :K> L>MME>=l
($./ '$.'HND:LkHGo=>GMB:EBMR :G=MABK=I:KMRI:KMB GK;BMK:MBHG$GM>KG:MBHG:EI E
respecto, Kinnear señala que: “It seems preferable to ensure transparency through clearly expressed treaty
obligations, rather than through ad hoc mechanism. In particular, this ensures that transparency applies to all
participants in the same way (assuming symmetrical obligations are expressed) and that all parties know what
MH>QI>H?MA>IKHLLl&$)) -(>@k/K:GLI:K>GLMHK
.M:M>=BLINM>L>MME>F>GMl
%#$!##%#'#$ $%$%
146
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
%<:c:i :>
"A>'%B@39'@
(&* %&"%)"(* /(* $)* 2,2#('%* /(* #+%)28%+()",%*
h%<: o>@3L"%3&"&i[ "%%'A
8$4&,"%",.)* /(* &-2* /-"$'()#-2@* %$/,()",%2*
814&,"%2@* ,)#(+:()",.)* /(* #(+"(+-2* 7* &%*
+(3$&%",.)* /(* &%* #+%)28%+()",%* ()* (&*
'@I":A'1I:&
%*".'-*2(*()"$()#+%*+(3$&%/%*&%*#+%)28%+()",%*
()*&-2* #+%#%/-2*2-4+(*,):(+2,-)(2* "(&(4+%/-2*
>>'@I":OAi^:
'AB'A'1I:& "A>'%B<:>"@C%I8"@
K)B%2,2* ()* &%2* +(3&%2* /(* #+%)28%+()",%*()* (&*
9"@%
@$3B@"6' &' 8"
:3&"A >"@" '8 'A"@@
'@%":C8:B'@:"%3<:>
))M, '+('%(#, -#, +', &"'%$!'"#%()',
#%, +.$, '"C)&"'a#$, )%0#"$).%)$&'\
#$&'-.
'M, ##%
!)#(2*/(*%)%&,A%+*&-2*2$8$(2#-2*/(*L%""(2-N*7*
L8$4&,"%",.)N*/(*/-"$'()#-2*/(4(*8+(",2%+2(*
;$(* 2(* #+%#%* /(* /-2* "-)"(8#-2* /,B(+()#(2*
>'@
+(&%",-)%/-25* C&* %""(2-* %* &-2* /-"$'()#-2*
39>83%" ?I' '8 B@3$I:"8 h
"&93:3AB@"CL" %<:>@'L'" 8"A
"-)/,",-)(2* )("(2%+,%2* 8%+%* ;$(* 2(* 8$(/%*
#-'%+* "-)-",',()#-* /(&* "-)#(),/-* /(* &-2*
/-"$'()#-2* "$%)/-* K2#-2* 2(%)* +(;$(+,/-25*
0-+* -#+-* &%/-@* &%* 8$4&,"%",.)* "-)&&(:%* $)%*
"%%3=:9#A>@ >"@B'&'8B@3$I:"8h
8"3:AB":%3""&93:3AB@"CL"%<: class="_ _0">'i"
#+%:K2*/(* &%*"$%&*2(* 8-)/+?*%*/,28-2,",.)* /(&*
>J$83%
(=('8&-@*%*#+%:K2*/(&*-#-+3%',()#-*/(*"-8,%2*
#13:"'$i^
"$' &'AB"%"@ ?I' %"&" I:
"-)"(8#-2* #()/+?* $)* ,'8%"#-* /,B(+()#(* ()*
(&* /(2%++-&&-* 7* %/',),2#+%",.)* )-* 2.&-* /(&*
8+-"(2-* %+4,#+%&* ()* 2,* ',2'-@* 2,)-* #%'4,K)*
8I'1
"&93:3AB@"CL"@"AI%<:a>
I%* /,2"$2,.)* 2-4+(* (&* %""(2-* 7* 8$4&,"%",.)*
/(* &-2* /-"$'()#-2* 2(* "()#+%* 4?2,"%'()#(*
': %I"B@'%B
?I( &I'&': A'@ &' "%%'A
>I$83%"& ?I3(:'A>I'&':B':'@"%%'A
" 8
A'&"@4" '8"%%'A I$83%"%3=:\ O[h3Li 8"A
9'&3&"A ?I' 1"@":C%':8" >@
,)B-+'%",.)*8+-#(3,/%5
:B@' 8
()* (&* '%+"-* /(* $)* 8+-"(2-* /(* %+4,#+%=(*
3:L'@A3<:3ab a b class="_ _0">":B
%;$(&&-2*;$(* 2-)*8+(2()#%/-2*8-+*&%2*0%+#(2@*
"-'-* &-2* ;$(* 2-)* (&%4-+%/-2* 8-+* (&* 8+-8,-*
#+,4$)%&*%+4,#+%&*-*%*8(/,/-*/(*K2#(5*!2,',2'-@*
,)"&$7(* &-2* /-"$'()#-2* ;$(* 8$(/%)* 2(+*
>@'A':B"&
>"@C%3>': ': '8 >@L=("$.3 N$,(!0i^
C)#+(* K2#-2* 2(* ()"$()#+%)* &-2* 2,3$,()#(2O*
8" :I'AB" "
8" :'C%3<:>
7* (2"+,#-2* /(* &%2* 8%+#(2H* &%2* /("&%+%",-)(2*
&' B'AC1'@3B
'(/,-2* 8+-4%#-+,-2H* /(23+%:%",-)(2* /(* &%2*
%$/,()",%2H* &%2* 8+(2()#%",-)(2* %* "%+3-* /(*
B'@%'@
.+/()(2*/(&*#+,4$)%&*%+4,#+%&5
I'&' ">@'%3"@ :
/-"$'()#-2* %)#(2* 2(>%&%/-2* +(2$%)*
+(&(:%)#(2* 8%+%* (&* 814&,"-5* C)* 8+,)",8,-@*
2(+?)* %;$(&&-2* /-"$'()#-2* ;$(* "-)#()3%)*
'8'9':BA3"i
8
"%%'AI$83%3&"&^ :B@' (AB
8
h': B":B'@93B' %<:>"@B'A ': 8"
"-)#+-:(+2,%@*&%*B$()#(* /(*&%*"$%&* 2(*/(+,:%*9
#+%#%/-*-*%"$(+/-9@*(&*#('%*/(*&%*"-)#+-:(+2,%*
O8 ?I'8"AIAB':B":i\8"A>'C%3<:>
&'8"A"@B'Ah>8':%"A9'&3&"A
>@
&-2* +%A-)%',()#-2*7* /(",2,-)(2* ;$(* ()* (&&-2*
A''AB"$8'%':i^
%B$#/7156,.//4/-023
147
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
Italo Carrano Tarrillo
Gonzalo Bonifaz Tweddle
>I'&'
"81I: C':':I:9"O
8-+* %""(/(+* %* &%* /-"$'()#%",.)* ()* #%)#-*
;$(* K2#-2* 8-2#(+,-+'()#(* 8-/+?)* #()(+*
$)* (:()#$%&* ,):-&$"+%',()#-* ()* (&* 8+-"(2-*
hL=("$.3 N$,(!0i^ AB
;$(* /(4(+?*
"%/%*"%2-@* ()* #%)#-* ;$(* &%* +(&(:%)",%* /(* &-2*
%"#-+(2*(2#%+?*()*B$)",.)*/(*&%2*",+"$)2#%)",%2*
>"@C%I8"@'A?I'A'>@'A':B':^
C)*"$%)#-*%&*'-'()#-*()*;$(* 8-/+?*/%+2(*(&*
"%%'ABI$83%"%3=:[
"-)"&$,+*(&*8+-"(2-*/(*'%)(+%*;$(*)-*2(*8-)3%*
':@3'A1883=:i^&'9#A[
'8831I"8>'@93C@4"?I'A'L'":@'"83P"&L"@3
&'8L@'B':&':"8%":P"@%<:>
I:A3AB'9"&'B@":A>"@':%3"h%<:b>@3
/(*&%* %/',),2#+%",.)*814&,"%@*/%+* %*"-)-"(+*&%*
,)#(+8+(#%",.)*(B("#$%/%*2-4+(*(&*#+,4$)%&*2-4+(*
8"A &3A>:'A &' 8[ A A[
B%:-+("(+*&%* "-)2,2#()",%* ()*&%2* /(",2,-)(2* /(*
B$#$+-2*#+,4$)%&(2@*"-)-",',()#-*/(*&-2*?+4,#+-2*
OAIA>:'A6I@4&3%"A[':B@'
&'9" &' "%%'Ad
8$4&,"%",.)*8-2#(+,-+* %* &%* (',2,.)* /(&* &%$/-*
>'@6I&3%"@8" >"@C%3>"%3=:&' B'@%'@
': '8 >@ hL=("$.3 N$,(!0i^ A4[ >I'&'
2(>%&%+2(*;$(*(&*%""(2-*%*&%*'%7-+*,)B-+'%",.)*
>@>'@93C@#"(AB
#()(+*'(=-+(2*,)2$'-2*8%+%*(B("#-*/(*8+(8%+%+*
2$2* (2"+,#-2*7* ;$(@* 8-+* 2$* 8%+#(@*(&* #+,4$)%&*
>I'&"$':'+%3"@A'')'%CL"9':B'&''88
3:"89':B'[%"$'&'AB"%"@8"&3+%I8B"&?I'>I'&'
8+(2()#%+2(*8%+%*&%*8$4&,"%",.)*/(*/(#(+',)%/-2*
&':B%@3BAB@I9':B[ "A4 %
8"A9'&3&"A?I' A'&'$'@#:"&B"@ "+: &'
88'L"@8A"'A')"BhB@":A%@3>%3<: class="_ _0">i^
CM, 'HH<:8>
!&* %""(2-* %* &%2* %$/,()",%2* 2(* &(* 2$(&(*
&':"@C%3>"%3=:&'B'@%'@
"%+?"#(+*8%2,:-@*()*#%)#-*;$(*K2#-2*)-*+(%&,A%)*
:3:1I:""%CL3&"&)@':B'"8B@3$I:"8"@$3B@"8h"
&3)'@':%3"&'8"&'%"@#%B'@"%CL88'L"
"%"$ 8">"@C%3>"%3=:&'L=("$.3
N$,(!0
I%2* '-/%&,/%/(2* ;$(* 2(* 8$(/()* 8+(2()#%+*
8%+%* ;$(* #(+"(+%2*8%+#(2* 8$(/%)* %""(/(+* %*
8"A"I&3':%3"A>J$83%"A @'AI8B":&3L'@A"A^A4[
A' 8'A >I'&' >'@93C@ '8 "%%'A
/-)/(*2(2,-)%*(&* #+,4$)%&*%+4,#+%&H*(2#%4&("(+*
$)* 2,2#('%* /(* ",+"$,#-* "(++%/-* 7* 8%2%+* &%*
%$/,()",%* ()* $)* (28%",-* ;$(* 2(* 8-)(* %* 2$*
&3A> ?I'1"@":CP" ?I': L"O"
""8B'@"@'8 ':8"A"8"&'"I&3':%3"Ai\ O
+:"89':B'" B@"L(A&' I:A
hA3AB'9"&'0'"!.&i^:%I":B
B$)",.)*/(*&%* 2(3$)/%*7*#(+"(+%*'-/%&,/%/(2*
2(>%&%/%2@* K2#(* 2(* 8$(/(* &&(:%+* %* "%4-* /(*
9":'@"3:9'&3"B"h&' ) 8"
"I&3':%3"i
3:"89':B'[ 'N3AB' 8" %3=: &' ?I' : A'
'AB"$8'P%"I:A3AB'9"L3AI"8&'"%%'A9
>@'L3AB':8"AB@'A9"83&"&'A":B'AA';"8"&"Ai[
2,)-*;$(*2(*8-)3%*%* /,28-2,",.)*/(&*814&,"-*&%2*
/(23+%:%",-)(2*/(*&%2*%"#%2*/(*&%2*%$/,()",%25
(M, ;>#.9 #.85$%=%;#%;7Y,()#2"!324)5&g
" 3:ACBI%3=: &'8 L=("$.3 N$,(!0 hb931
8" 'ci C':' I:" 8"@1" 23AB O 2" A3&
+("-3,/%*()*/,:(+2-2*-+/()%',()#-2*)%",-)%&(25*
!2,',2'-@*()*(&* ?'4,#-*,)#(+)%",-)%&*#%'4,K)*
/%*()*/,:(+2-*3+%/-*7*%&"%)"(*
h>8:3P"%3=:I:&3"8&'8
318 7*()*&-2*2,2#('%2*+(3,-)%&(2*
/(*8+-#("",.)*/(*/(+("2*)-2i^
18 G>EF:KE: *(>Ek GM>G=BFB>GMHLH;K>.HENB?>K>GQH >LM:;E>K
@>G>K:E>GLN :KM\k EsK@:GH =>I>E:G >E+K>LB=>GM>=>E*.R E
BK>G>K:E>LM:;E>KWEHLIKH=BFB>GMHL=>MK:;:CHR=:KWMK:LE:=H=>>EEHL:EHL(B>F;KHLI:K:LN
BG?HKF:G>E :IZG=BL>=BLIHG> JN>k6i7/H=HLEHLM>KKHL JN>A:R:GGHMBo<:>
:E*.LN BGM>KZL>GE:=B?>K>G L>KWGBGOBM:=HLIHK>L >QIHG>KLNLHIBGBHG>L=NK:GM>NG: L>LB^G
=>E:IKBF>K:K>NGB^GLNLM:GMBO:=>E@KNIH>LI>L>KO:=:I:K:M:EoG/H=HL>LHLM>KKHLIH=KWG>LM:K
IK>L>GM>L=NK:GM>E:MHM:EB=:==>=BLB^G6i7':LI:KM>L>GE:=B?>K>GKM>KKHBGOBM:=H
:>QIHG>KLNLHIBGBHG>L=>LMH>G>E:KM\ :=BLIHLBE@KNIH
>LI>KLB^G >LLNL>QIHLBLHK:E>L 6i7 GBGM>KZL=> NG:MHM:EMK:GLI:K>G
>QIHLBLE:LKZIEB<:l> K:LF>GGEHLIWKK:?HL:L>A:KWG >GIK>L>G
E:LI:KM>L =>FWLE:L L>L <:> BG GM:KBHLLH;K> E:I:KM>
>QIHLBMBO:=>EBG?HKF> RE:LK>LIN>LM:L: E:LIK>@NGM:L=>E@KNIH>LI> L>IHG=KWG:=BLIHLB E:
otra u otras partes”.
E:KM\E->@E:F>GMH=>E:HKM>$GM>K:F>KB<:g:>>K> MBMNE:=Hk+E:GM>:FB>GMHL=>
Amicus Curiae”, establece que: “1. El escrito de quien desee actuar como *& 20 2/&"IH=KWL>KIK>L>GM:=H
%#$!##%#'#$ $%$%
148
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
"$'&'AB"%"@ ?I'8L=("$.3 N$,(!0*)-* 2-)*
b'N>'@B[ bB'AC1'@3B
8$(/()*2(+*+(;$(+,/-2* 8-+*&%2*8+-8,%2*0%+#(2*
': 8" %<:b>
"-++(28-)/(* /(#(+',)%+* ".'-* 2(* /(4()*
3:B'@>@'B"@8"
">83%"$8' h8"$@3" &'8 B@3$I:"8i^ A4[ "
B@"L(A &' 8" 3:ACBI%3=: &'8 L=("$.3 N$,(!0*
A' >'@93C@# " I: B'@%'@"@B'
': 8" %<:b>"@C%3>"@ ': '88" %<:>
8+-8.2,#-* /(* ;$(* 8+-8-+",-)(* ,)B-+'%",.)*
I:B'@93B":"8
#+,4$)%&* #()(+* '%7-+(2* (&('()#-2* 8%+%* &%*
B
8" >"@C%3>"%3=: &'8 L=("$.3 N$,(!0* 8$(/(*
(B("#$%+2(* /(* /,:(+2%2* '%)(+%2@* 8(+-* &%*
B-+'%*'?2*"-'1)* (2*%*#+%:K2*/(* &%*2$',2,.)*
/(*/-"$'()#-2*(2"+,#-25
I%*8+(2()#%",.)*/(*L=("$.3N$,(!0*)-*2(*&,',#%*%*&%*
3:B'@L':%3=:&'A[A3:A'&"&'9":'@"
3()(+%&*%*"$%&;$,(+*%"#-+*/(*&%*2-",(/%/*",:,&20@*&-2*
-#+-2*2$=(#-2*/(*/(+("*,)#(+)%",-)%&215
C)* (&* ?'4,#-* ,)#(+)%",-)%&@* 7* /(* '%)(+%*
'A>'%4+%"':'8%"A"@$3B@"6'3:L'@A3<:3a class="_ _0">B"e
AB"&[A'>I'&'$A'@L"@?I'8"3:ACBI%3=:&'8
L=("$.3N$,(!0*#(),/-*$)%*(:-&$",.)*'?2*()*&%*
>@#%C%"?I'&'A&'I:">'@A>'%CL":L"[
2,()/-* &-2* #+,4$)%&(2* %+4,#+%&(2* ;$,()(2* %)#(*
>'C%3:'A>8":B'"&"A&I@":B'8A>@'A:
#(),/-*;$(*%4-+/%+*2$*+(3$&%",.)225
:'8 "AI:B @1':C:"A^^[I'P[
3L':&3:3L'@A"8 ^^ '8 B@3$I:"8 'N>@'A= AI
':B':&393':B"@C%3>"%3=: &' 8
$)%*8(+2-)%*;$(* )-*(2*8%+#(*()*&%* /,B(+()",%*
&'`"931@
8"%B@3$I:"8AIA>'@A>'%CL"A'A>'%3"8'A[
%+3$'()#-2@*-* "-)-",',()#-2* (28(",%&,A%/-2*
2-4+(* &%* "-)#+-:(+2,%@*$2$%&'()#(* ()* B-+'%*
/(* $)* (2"+,#-* -* 8+(2()#%",.)* !=("$.3 "$,(!0*
j_kI>">'8B@"&3%3<: class="_ _2"> I:>@
"-)#()",-2-*(2*-B+("(+*%*&%*%$#-+,/%/*/(",2-+,%*
"@1I9':B'@A>'%CL"A O %<:>
'A>'%3"83P"&"@B'A83C1":B'AB"8L'P
al tribunal, junto con sus anexos, a través de cualquiera de los medios establecidos en el artículo 28.1 del
IK>L>GM>->@E:F>GMH>G>EB=BHF:=>MK:;:CH=>E<:lh class="_ _0">REGHF;K>=>E:NMHKH:NMHK>LRE:oKF:=>MH=HL
ellos; 2. En caso de presentación del escrito del *& 20 2/&" por medios electrónicos que no contengan
E:oKF:=> JNB>GEHLLNLH>G <:lh>>LQHL GH?N>KHG: HKB@BG:E>L
RE:=HGM:LI> =>;>KWGL>KK>G>E MKB;NG:E>GNGIE:SH=> =\:LGMH=> L>GM>G =>F>=B=:L IKHOBLBHG:E>LIH=KWGIK>L>GM:KL> >LE *& 20 2/&"”;
=>=BL>GM:E>LLIK>L>GM:=H?N>K:=>>L>IE:SHHLBG E:=HGM:KW
:K FWLMK:FBM: GEHL<:lhl class="_ _2"> GIH=KW IK>L>GM:KNG >LG<:eb class="_ _2"> =>
*& 20 2/&">GKFHF>GMH=>EIKHLHI>KHGHFWL:EEW=>EHL=\:LIHLM>KBHK>L:E:E>;K:
=>E::N=B>G GEHL<:lhl class="_ _0">>GJN>GHL>E>;K::N=B>GI`;EB<:>;>KWGL>KK>FBMB=HL=>GMKH=>
EHL=\:LIHLM>KBHK>L:E:K>LHENLIHG=B>GM>>GE:JN>L>HMHK@:IE:SHI:K:E:K>FBLB^G=>:E>@:MHL
oG:E>L E>LE *& 20 2/&"CNGMHQHLL> IHG=KW=>BGF>=B:MH>GGMH=> E:L
I:KM>LI:K:LNBG?HKF: IK>OB:LB=>G EHLIKH=BFB>GMHL=>LNI>KOBLB^G=>
La Regla 103 de las Reglas de Procedimien to y Prueb a de la Corte Penal Inter nacional estable ce
JN>k ':.:E: LBEHK: GB>GM>I:K: NG:=>M>KFBG: :=>E: <:nl:>
en cualquie r et apa del procedimien to i nvitar o autorizar a un Estado, a una orga nización o a una
persona a que presen te, p or e scrito u oralmente, obse rvaciones acerca de cualq uier cuestión que
E: .:E:K> IKH=>GM> E!BL<:e class="_ _2"> RE: =>?>GL:M>G=KWG E:HIHKMNGB=:= => K>LIHG=>K: E:L
observa ciones form uladas de con formidad con la subregla 1; 3 La obse rvación escr ita que se pr esente
=> E:LN;K>@E:L>KW=>IHLBM:=: >GIH=>K=>E.>M:KBHJN> =:KW
R: E:=>?>GL:': .:E:?BC:KW EHLIE:SHL:IEB<:>L :E:IK>L>GM: =>>L:LH;L>KO:Ll G>E
F:KE.BLM>F: NKHI>H >E:KM\EHGO>GBHI:K: E:+KHM>EHL>K> R=>
las Libertades Fundamentales, titulado “Intervención de terceros”, establece que: “1. En cualquier asunto
que se suscite ante una Sala o ante la Gran Sala, la Alta Parte Contratante cuyo nacional sea demandante
M>G=KW=>K>L>GM:K H;L>KO:LIHK>LG E:OBLM: GBGM>KZL=>NG: ;N>G:
:=FBGBLMK:CNLMB>E+K>LB=>GM>=>EMKB;NG:EIH=KWBGOBM:K:KEM:+:KM>HGMK:M:GM>JN>GHL>:
parte en el asunto o a cualquier persona interesada distinta del demandante, a que presente observaciones
por escrito o a participar en la vista; 3. En cualquier asunto que se suscite ante una Sala o ante la Gran Sala,
>EHFBL:KBH =>>K> =>EHGL>CH => NKHI:IH=KW IK>L>GM:KH;L>KO:LIHK >L
participar en la vista”.
20 Incluye personas naturales y jurídicas.
21 +HK>C>FIEH>G>E:LNGMH ..NFFBM">G>K:MBHG'BFBM>=:G= ./BLS: K_Fa&?MO#NG@K\:>EMKB;NG:E
arbitral admitió la participación de la Comisión Europea como *& 202/&"$.$:L>)H-
22 “Investment treaty arbitration has evolved over the past decade with respect to amicus curiae participation,
but it has largely been an evolution of practice, not structure”. ALEXANDROV, stanimir y Marinn, CARLSON.
“The opportunity to be heard: Accommodating amicu s curiae participation in in vestment treaty arbitration” .
G! -)q) 5'' ./ -*.k'B;>KFBKG:=HK>F:=>Ll(:=KB=':'>RI
%B$#/7156,.//4/-023
149
Revista de Derecho
THEMIS 61
Italo Carrano Tarrillo
Gonzalo Bonifaz Tweddle
)-*8+(2()#()@*"-)*(&*8+-8,-*2,#-*/(*%7$/%+&%*%*
#-'%+*$)%*/(",2,.)N235
3 $3': A' AI'8' '9>8'"@ 8" B'@93:
bB'@%'@"A>"@B'Ac['88 : A'8'A
:%7%* %* -#-+3%+* (2#(* (2#%#$2* ()* (&* 8+-"(2-5*
Para continuar leyendo
Solicita tu prueba